When two variables are correlated, a causal relationship can be inferred.

• True

• False

The literature has a plethora of theoretical notions about the nature and cause of stuttering.

• True

• False

A risk factor is another term that means the same thing as "protective" factor.

• True

• False

The idea that stuttering is caused by tickling is an example of a testable theory.

• True

• False

A review of the research on personality of people who stutter would seem to indicate that no particular stuttering character structure has been identified.

• True

• False

As a group, more than half of those who stutter exhibit a moderate, though consistent, trend of having a compulsive personality trait.

• True

• False

Data concerning the distribution of stuttering in families of people who stutter, suggest that stuttering runs in families due to genetic factors.

• True

• False

No patterns of atypical respiration have been found in people who stutter.

• True

• False

Speech motor studies have reported that PWS tend to have an abnormally large tongue that interferes with its proper positioning for speech production causing dysfluencies as a person struggles to move on.

• True

• False

Speech motor studies have reported that OWS tend to have tongues that are too weak, incapable of reaching far enough in the oral cavity.

• True

• False