AP Biology Review

What is a polar compound?

• A compound with equal sharing of electrons

• A compound that has no net dipole moment

• A compound with an uneven distribution of charge

• A compound that cannot dissolve in water

What are monomers and polymers in a biological context?

• Types of carbohydrates

• Building blocks and macromolecules for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

• Different states of water

• Categories of lipids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What is the primary structure of proteins?

• The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

• The alpha-helix and beta-sheet formations

• The overall 3D structure of a polypeptide

• The combination of two or more polypeptide chains

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What distinguishes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides from each other?

• The number of fatty acids they contain

• The number of nucleotides in their structure

• The number of sugar units they are made of

• The type of peptide bonds linking them

How do saturated and unsaturated fats differ chemically?

• Saturated fats have more double bonds between carbon atoms

• Unsaturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms

• Saturated fats have single bonds between carbon atoms

• Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature

Which of the following cell structures are found in plant cells but not typically in animal cells?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Chloroplasts

• Cytoskeleton

Why is it incorrect to say that plant cells have a cell wall INSTEAD of a cell membrane, and Chloroplasts INSTEAD of mitochondria?

• Because plant cells have both a cell wall and a cell membrane, and they contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria.

• Because plant cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts.

• Because only animal cells have cell membranes and mitochondria.

• Because plant cells have a cell membrane instead of a cell wall, and mitochondria instead of chloroplasts.

What is the function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• To synthesize lipids

• To synthesize proteins

• To generate cellular energy

• To package and distribute proteins

Why would a cell with a surface area to volume ratio of 4:1 typically be better at surviving than a cell with a surface area to volume ratio of 1:4?

• The cell can hold more nutrients.

• The cell can diffuse substances more efficiently.

• The cell has a stronger cell wall.

• The cell requires less oxygen.

How do the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids contribute to cell membrane structure?

• They prevent the cell membrane from forming.

• They create a double layer that is impermeable to all substances.

• They allow the cell membrane to dissolve in water.

• They form a bilayer with a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior.