Recap of Unit 2 Philosopher's Toolkit

Classify the following:

'Good musicians are always practicing. Charlie never plays guitar so I doubt Charlie is a good musician.'

• Rhetoric

• Explanation

• Argument

• Prose

Classify the following: 'The egg is broken because I dropped it on the floor.'

• Rhetoric

• Explanation

• Argument

• Prose

Choose the conclusion for the argument: 'Rob isn’t a vegetarian. He had sausages for dinner on Friday.'

• Vegetarians do not eat meat

• Rob ate sausages

• Rob isn't a vegetarian

• Sausages are meat

Choose the stated premise for the argument: 'Rob isn’t a vegetarian. He had sausages for dinner on Friday.'

• Vegetarians do not eat meat

• Rob ate sausages

• Rob isn't a vegetarian

• Sausages are meat

The number of implied/unstated premises for the argument : 'Rob isn’t a vegetarian. He had sausages for dinner on Friday.'

• 0

• 1

• 2

• Not enough information

A deductive argument is valid in the case that:

• when the premises are true, the conclusion is likely to follow

• when the premises are true, the conclusion might follow

• when the premises are true, the conclusion would necessarily follow

• when the premises are true, the conclusion will not follow

Which of the following statements best defines deduction?

• Drawing conclusions based on specific observations or premises

• Making educated guesses based on intuition and past experiences

• Arriving at conclusions through trial and error experimentation

• Accepting information without questioning its validity.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an argument that is valid but not sound?

• If it's raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it must be raining.

• All cats have wings. Fluffy is a cat. Therefore, Fluffy can fly

• If you study hard, you will pass the exam. You passed the exam. Therefore, you must have studied hard

• All fruits are red. Apples are fruits. Therefore, apples are red.

Which of the following statements best defines abductive reasoning?

• Arriving at conclusions through logical deduction from given premises.

• Deriving conclusions based on empirical evidence and experimentation

• Making decisions based on intuition and gut feelings.

• Generating hypotheses to explain observed phenomena

Which of the following statements best defines induction?

• Making educated guesses based on intuition and past experiences.

• Drawing conclusions based on specific observations or premises.

• Arriving at conclusions through trial and error experimentation.

• Using general principles to predict specific outcomes.