Period 1 Review

Which crop's spread from present-day Mexico northward into the present-day American Southwest and beyond supported economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation, and social diversification among societies?

• Wheat

• Rice

• Maize cultivation

• Barley

What was a significant response of societies to the aridity of the Great Basin and the grasslands of the western Great Plains?

• Development of large mobile lifestyles

• Establishment of permanent agricultural settlements

• Expansion of maritime trade

• Creation of joint-stock companies

Which area developed mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies that favored the development of permanent villages?

• The Great Basin

• The Mississippi River Valley

• The Atlantic seaboard

• The American Southwest

The Columbian Exchange was primarily responsible for bringing new crops to Europe from the Americas, which resulted in:

• Decreased European population growth

• The shift from feudalism to capitalism

• The decline of international trade

• The spread of Christianity

Improvements in what area were crucial for European nations' efforts to explore and conquer the New World?

• Land-based transportation technology

• Maritime technology and methods for international trade

• Agricultural techniques

• Military weaponry

What was one of the consequences of the Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas?

• The introduction of crops and animals not found in the Americas

• The decrease in Native American labor due to improved technology

• The establishment of democratic systems among Native populations

• The reduction of deadly epidemics among native populations

What system did the Spanish develop that defined the status of Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans in their empire?

• Encomienda system

• Caste system

• Slavery system

• Feudal system

What was the role of West African groups in the Spanish colonial economies?

• They provided military support to the Spanish Empire

• They practiced agriculture to support the Spanish colonies

• They partnered with Europeans to practice slavery

• They traded precious metals with the Spanish

How did Europeans and Native Americans view their interactions in terms of worldviews?

• They shared similar worldviews from the beginning

• They had divergent worldviews on issues such as religion and gender roles

• They avoided any form of cultural exchange

• They immediately adopted useful aspects of each other's culture

What was a result of European encroachments on Native American lands?

• Native Americans easily adapted to European political systems

• Native Americans sought to defend their sovereignty and negotiate diplomatically

• Native Americans fully embraced European economic systems

• Native Americans experienced no significant changes to their culture