Understanding the Self

Our memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self are integrated to make up our

• sociometer

• self-esteem

• self-schema

• working self-concept

Psychologists use the term personality mainly to refer to characteristics and behaviors that

• are relatively stable across time and circumstances

• show little variability across persons

• stem from conscious intentions

• are relatively easy to observe and measure

How you experience yourself in the present, depending on which part of yourself is most relevant at the time, is referred to as

• self-serving bias

• self-esteem

• self-schema

• working self-concept

When Joe did really well on his first sales presentation, he said it was because he worked hard on it. When he did poorly on his second sales presentation, he said it was because the computer and projector were not working properly. Joe's explanations about his two sales presentations reveal a

• reflected appraisal

• temporal comparison

• self-serving bias

• downward comparison

Joy has been playing the flute for a few months. To ______ her self-esteem, she engages in a(n) ______ comparison, comparing herself to Gabe who just started learning to play the flute.

• increase; downward

• decrease; upward

• decrease; downward

• increase; upward

Manuel wants to watch a new movie that's still in theaters but does not want to buy a ticket to go see it. He knows that he can find it online and download it for free, but he also knows that doing so is illegal. Manuel wants to illegally watch the movie but knows it is wrong. According to psychodynamic theory, Manuel has a conflict between his ______ and ______.

• superego; ego

• id; ego

• subego; superego

• id; superego

Adon reads a book on best parenting practices that suggests parents should accept and value their children no matter how they behave or what they accomplish. Adon’s book is recommending parenting practices based on ______.

• Unconditional positive regard

• Self-actualization

• Unconscious conflicts

• Conditions of worth

Eddie failed his driver's license test. When asked why he failed, Eddie says the questions were not fair and the driving instructor did not teach him properly. According to expectancy theory, Eddie probably has an ______.

• internal sense of determinism.

• external sense of determinism.

• internal locus of control.

• external locus of control.

The online personality test most likely used the ______ approach to personality when it indicated that Anita is high on the extraversion dimension of personality and is likely to be assertive and energetic.

• social cognitive

• psychodynamic

• humanistic

• trait

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of a(n) ______ measure of personality.

• self-report

• subjective

• projective

• observational