Chapter 10 Geography

a science, art, and business directed to modify some specific portions of the Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance and profit

• Agribusiness

• Nomadic Pastoralism

• Sedentary Pastoralism

• Agriculture

a system in which farmers produce crops and animals primarily for sale

• Commercial Agriculture

• Conventional Agriculture

• Crop Rotation

• Double Cropping

method in which the field under cultivation remain the same, but the crop is changed in order to avoid exhausting the soil

• Double Cropping

• Crop Rotation

• Famine

• Food Regime

extreme scarcity of food

• Green Revolution

• Food Sovereignty

• Famine

• Ramen

a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers involve the effective and efficient use of small parcels of land in order to maximize crop yield per hectare/acre

• Extensive Subsistence Agriculture

• Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

• Subsistence Agriculture

• Commercial Farming

a method of crop and livestock production without commercial fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, and genetically modified organisms

• Ranching

• Pastoral Nomadism

• Plantation

• Organic Farming

a method for obtaining more agricultural land in which fields are cleared (swidden) by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

• Slash and Burn Agriculture

• Organic Farming

• Transhumance

• Famine

a form of commercial agriculture in which the livestock graze over an extensive area, sometimes in a hidden valley

• Dairy Farming

• Mediterranean Farming

• Ranching

• Plantation

a new agricultural technology characterized by high-yield seeds and fertilizers exported from the core to the periphery in order to increase their agricultural productivity

• Blue Revolution

• Green Revolution

• Yellow Revolution

• Red Revolution

method used in the milder climates in which intensive subsistence fields are planted and harvested twice per year

• Double Cropping

• Crop Rotation

• Commercial Agriculture

• Globalized Agriculture