AMPLIFY: Thermal Energy Critical Juncture Assessment

Lava is hot liquid rock. When lava flows over solid ground, the solid ground beneath it increases in temperature. What happens to the molecules in the solid ground when the temperature is increasing?

• More heat molecules combine with the molecules in the ground.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the ground decreases.

• The energy of the molecules in the ground decreases.

• The energy of the molecules in the ground increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Claude is in the kitchen cooking and is going to stack one pan on top of another pan. The two pans are the same size and have the same number of molecules. The diagram above shows the pans now, before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

How does the temperature of the top pan compare with the temperature of the bottom pan now, and what will happen after the pans have been touching for a while?

• Before the pans touch, the bottom pan is hotter than the top pan. Once the pans are touching, the bottom pan will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler top pan until both pans reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the pans touch, the bottom pan is hotter than the top pan. Once the pans are touching, the cooler top pan will gain kinetic energy until the molecules in both pans have an energy of 70, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

• Before the pans touch, the bottom pan is cooler than the top pan. Once the pans are touching, the top pan will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler bottom pan until both pans reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the pans touch, the two pans are different temperatures. Once the pans are touching, both kinetic energy and cold energy will transfer between the molecules in the two pans until both pans reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Jason put an apple on top of an ice pack in his lunch bag. By lunchtime the temperature of his apple had decreased. What happened to the molecules in the apple when the temperature of the apple decreased?

• The energy of the molecules in the apple decreased.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the apple increased.

• The apple lost heat molecules.

• The energy of the molecules in the apple increased.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Aki is playing cards and is about to put one card on top of another. Both cards are the same size and have the same number of molecules. The diagram above shows the cards now, before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

How does the temperature of the top card compare with the temperature of the bottom card before the cards touch, and what will happen after the cards have been touching for a while?

• Before the cards touch, the top card is cooler than the bottom card. Once the cards are touching, the bottom card will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler top card until both cards reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the cards touch, the top card is hotter than the bottom card. Once the cards are touching, the cooler bottom card will gain kinetic energy until both cards’ molecules have an energy of 28, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

• Before the cards touch, the top card is hotter than the bottom card. Once the cards are touching, the top card will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler bottom card until both cards reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the cards touch, the two cards are different temperatures. Once the cards are touching, both kinetic energy and cold energy will transfer between the molecules in the two cards until both cards reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Kekoa made a pot of applesauce, then put it into containers to store it. The containers are placed in two separate stacks. The diagram above shows the containers of applesauce before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

After a while, which of the two top containers will be cooler, and why?

• The smaller top container will be cooler than the larger top container, because less energy has to transfer for the molecules to reach the same temperature as the molecules of the bottom container.

• Both top containers will be the same temperature, because both of the bottom containers have the same amount of energy to transfer and the molecules in the top containers started with the same energy.

• The larger top container will be cooler than the smaller top container. It started with more total energy, so less energy has to transfer for both containers in the stack to reach the same total energy.

• The larger top container will be cooler than the smaller top container, because the energy that transferred to it is spread out over more molecules.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What happens to the molecules of the water when the temperature of the water increases?

• The energy of the water molecules decreases.

• The energy of the water molecules increases.

• The cold energy of the water molecules decreases.

• More heat molecules combine with the water molecules.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

An artist is using wooden cubes to build a statue. Yesterday, she placed one wooden cube on the statue, and today she is going to put an identical wooden cube on top of it. Both cubes are the same size and have the same number of molecules. The diagram above shows the cubes now, before they are touching. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

How does the temperature of the top cube compare with the temperature of the bottom cube now, and what will happen when the cubes have been touching for a while?

• Before the cubes touch, the bottom cube is hotter than the top cube. Once the cubes are touching, the cooler top cube will gain kinetic energy until the molecules of both cubes have an energy of 14, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

• Before the cubes touch, the bottom cube is hotter than the top cube. Once the cubes are touching, the bottom cube will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler top cube until both cubes reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the cubes touch, the bottom cube is cooler than the top cube. Once the cubes are touching, the top cube will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler bottom cube until both cubes reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the cubes touch, the two cubes are different temperatures. Once the cubes are touching, both kinetic energy and cold energy will transfer between the molecules in the two cubes until both cubes reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A worker is getting ready to install solar panels on a roof. She will start by placing the solar panels in two stacks. The diagram above shows the solar panels before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question. After a while, which of the two top solar panels will be cooler, and why?

After a while, which of the two top solar panels will be cooler, and why?

• The smaller top panel will be cooler than the larger top panel, because less energy has to transfer for the molecules to reach the same temperature as the molecules of the bottom panel.

• The larger top panel will be cooler than the smaller top panel. It started with more total energy, so less energy had to transfer for both panels in the stack to reach the same total energy.

• The larger top panel will be cooler than the smaller top panel, because the energy that transferred to it was spread out over more molecules.

• Both panels will be the same temperature, because both of the bottom panels had the same amount of energy to transfer and the molecules in the top panels start with the same energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Maja puts a hockey puck onto ice. After a while the temperature of the hockey puck decreases. What happens to the molecules of the hockey puck when the temperature of the puck decreases?

• The hockey puck loses heat molecules.

• The energy of the molecules in the hockey puck decreases.

• The energy of the molecules in the hockey puck increases.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the hockey puck increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A chocolate maker is going to stack two bars of chocolate. The bars of chocolate are the same size and have the same number of molecules. The diagram above shows the chocolate bars now, before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question.

How does the temperature of the top chocolate bar compare with the temperature of the bottom chocolate bar now, and what will happen after the bars have been touching for a while?

• Before the bars touch, the two bars are different temperatures. Once the bars are touching, both kinetic energy and cold energy will transfer between the molecules in the two bars until both bars reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the bars touch, the top bar is cooler than the bottom bar. Once the bars are touching, the bottom bar will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler top bar until both bars reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the bars touch, the top bar is hotter than the bottom bar. Once the bars are touching, the top bar will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler bottom bar until both bars reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the bars touch, the top bar is hotter than the bottom bar. Once the bars are touching, the cooler bottom bar will gain kinetic energy until the molecules of both bars have an energy of 25, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5