Neuroanatomy Lecture - Exam 1 Review Questions

Which of the following levels of organization occur from the smallest to the largest?

• Systems level, Regional level, Cellular level, Molecular level, Cognitive level

• Cognitive level, Regional level, Cellular level, Systems level, Molecular level

• Cognitive level, Regional level, Systems level, Cellular level, Molecular level

• Molecular level, Cellular level, Systems level, Regional level, Cognitive level

Identify the following medical imaging technique that uses x-ray technology.

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Functional Magnetic Resonance (fMRI)

• Computed tomography (CT)

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

• None of the above

Which of the following is a limitation to fMRI technology?

• x-ray exposure

• Low temporal resolution

• Low spatial resolution

• Not widely available

• All of the above

Identify the clinical approach discussed in class that captures the fastest spatial resolution of brain function.

• Electroencephalography (EEG)

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Functional Magnetic Resonance (fMRI)

• Positron emission tomography (PET)

• All of the above

What type of an anatomical section is presented in the MRI?

• Coronal

• Sagittal

• Horizontal

• Transverse

• None of the above

Nerve impulses travel from the retina, down the optic nerve, to the visual cortex of the central nervous system. This can be described as a ________ system.

• Efferent

• Peripheral

• Afferent

• Enteric

• None of the above

Circled in white is the optic chiasm, where the optic nerve crosses over the midline of the brain. Which directional term best describes the anatomical position of the optic chiasm?

• The optic nerve is superior to the optic chiasm.

• The optic chiasm is superior to the optic nerve.

• The optic nerve is anterior to the optic chiasm.

• The optic nerve is caudal to the optic chiasm.

• The optic chiasm is distal to the optic nerve.

The neurologist wanted to determine if the occlusion identified in the left optic nerve (white arrow) prevents activation of the visual cortex in the right hemisphere. Which of the following clinical imaging tools would best be used to determine activation of visual cortex?

• A midsagittal PET scan

• fMRI scan in a transverse plane

• A coronal scan from an MRI

• Diffusion tensor imaging in a transverse plane

• All of the above

Which statement is FALSE regarding the function of an astrocyte?

• Astrocytes assist in the uptake of excess neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft.

• Astrocyte end feet line blood vessels in the central nervous systems to form a protective barrier.

• Gap junctions in astrocytes are formed from a single connexin that allows for the releases of gliotransmitters (e.g. glutamate) into the synaptic cleft.

• In response to injury, astrocytes transition to a reactive state where they can swell in size potentially forming a scar.

Identify the component that contributes to the barrier function of the blood brain barrier (BBB).

• Astrocyte end feet

• Oligodendrocytes that wrap around the blood vessel

• Basement membrane composed of laminin and collagen fibers

• Pericytes