Genetics Vocabulary

What is the primary focus of applying statistics and probability in genetics as modeled in the image?

• To predict exact genetic outcomes

• To explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population

• To identify genetic mutations

• To classify types of genetic diseases

What term is used to describe an organism with two different alleles for a specific trait?

• Homozygous

• Dominant

• Heterozygous

• Recessive

Which term refers to the physical appearance of an organism as a result of its genetic makeup?

• Chromosome

• Genotype

• Allele

• Phenotype

What is the term for a genetic makeup of an organism?

• Phenotype

• Chromosome

• Genotype

• Dominant

Which term describes an allele that masks the effect of another allele for the same gene?

• Recessive

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous

• Dominant

What is an allele?

• A type of chromosome

• One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome

• A specific type of protein

• A cellular structure exclusive to plants

What does the term "Dominant" refer to in genetics?

• A) A trait that is always expressed in uppercase letters

• B) A trait that masks the effect of a recessive trait when paired with it

• C) A trait that is less common in the population

• D) A trait that can only be inherited from one parent

How is a "Recessive" trait or gene typically represented?

• A) With uppercase letters

• B) With lowercase letters

• C) With numbers

• D) With special symbols

Which combination represents a recessive trait being expressed?

• A) AA

• B) Aa

• C) aA

• D) aa

What does the term "heterozygous" refer to in genetics?

• Having two identical alleles of a particular gene

• Having two different alleles of a particular gene

• Having no alleles of a particular gene

• Having mutated alleles of a particular gene