Acids and Bases: Theories and Reactions

What does the Arrhenius theory define as an acid?

• A substance that releases hydroxide ions in solution

• A substance that donates electrons

• A substance that accepts protons in solution

• A substance that releases protons in solution

What is the significance of the pH scale in acid-base chemistry?

• It measures the concentration of hydroxide ions

• It measures the concentration of protons

• It indicates the strength of an acid or a base

• It determines the molecular weight of acids and bases

What is the role of water in the reaction where hydrogen chloride dissolves in it?

• It accepts a proton to form a hydronium ion

• It donates a proton to form a hydronium ion

• It acts as a Bronsted-Lowry base

• It acts as a Bronsted-Lowry acid

What does the presence of a hydronium ion indicate in a solution?

• The solution is saturated with hydroxide ions

• The solution is acidic

• The solution is neutral

• The solution is basic

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is a base?

• A substance that donates protons in solution

• A substance that releases hydroxide ions

• A substance that accepts protons in solution

• A substance that increases the pH of the solution

Which theory explains the acid-base reaction as a proton transfer process?

• Lewis theory

• Arrhenius theory

• Bronsted-Lowry theory

• Dalton's atomic theory

How does ammonia demonstrate its basic nature according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory?

• By increasing the pH of the solution

• By accepting a proton from water

• By donating a proton to water

• By releasing hydroxide ions in solution

Why can ammonia act as a base even though it does not release hydroxide ions?

• Because it releases protons

• Because it accepts protons

• Because it donates electrons

• Because it decreases the pH of the solution

What is an amphoteric substance?

• A substance that neither donates nor accepts protons

• A substance that can act as either an acid or a base

• A substance that can only act as a base

• A substance that can only act as an acid

What property allows water to act as both an acid and a base?

• Its amphoteric nature

• Its ability to dissociate into hydrogen and oxygen

• Its polar molecule structure

• Its high specific heat capacity