Unit 8 Review: Ecology (AP Biology)

In an ecosystem, energy flow occurs from:

• Producers to consumers

• Consumers to producers

• Decomposers to producers

• Consumers to decomposers

Which trophic level contains organisms that directly convert solar energy into chemical energy?

• Primary consumers

• Producers

• Secondary consumers

• Tertiary consumers

Which term describes the total mass of living organisms in a given area?

• Population density

• Biomass

• Carrying capacity

• Natality rate

Which of the following factors does NOT influence population growth rate?

• Birth rate

• Death rate

• Immigration

• Mutualism

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor affecting population size?

• Predation

• Disease

• Competition

• Natural disasters

What is the term for the population size that an environment can sustainably support based on resource availability?

• Natality rate

• Carrying capacity

• Emigration

• Survivorship rate

Which of the following best describes an r-selected species?

• Few offspring with high parental investment

• Many offspring with low parental investment

• Stable population size

• Specialized niche requirements

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

• Lion hunting a zebra

• Bee pollinating a flower

• Wolf preying on a rabbit

• Snake eating a mouse

A keystone species:

• Has a minimal impact on the ecosystem

• Competes with other species for resources

• Is always a top predator in the food chain

• Plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem structure

The competitive exclusion principle states that:

• Two species with similar niches can coexist indefinitely

• Two species with different niches can coexist indefinitely

• Two species with similar niches will compete and one will eventually outcompete the other

• Competition between species is always beneficial for both populations