Understanding Emotions and Responses in Animals and Humans

What did Darwin propose about the expressions of emotion in animals?

• They are random and unpredictable.

• They are solely for attracting mates.

• They have no impact on survival.

• They serve as signals to other organisms about future actions.

According to the James-Lange theory, what initiates the feeling of emotion?

• Emotional thoughts

• Physiological reactions

• External stimuli directly

• Cognitive assessments

Which theory posits that physiological states create emotion?

• Cannon-Bard theory

• James-Lange theory

• Limbic system theory

• Facial feedback hypothesis

What does the Cannon-Bard theory suggest about emotional responses?

• Physical responses are irrelevant to emotions.

• Emotions trigger physical responses.

• Physical and emotional responses occur independently and simultaneously.

• Emotions and physical responses are sequential.

What role does the amygdala play in fear conditioning?

• It has no role in fear conditioning.

• It receives sensory inputs and assigns emotional significance.

• It coordinates motor responses.

• It suppresses fear responses.

What is the role of the medial geniculate nucleus in fear conditioning?

• It has no role in fear conditioning.

• It processes cognitive functions.

• It controls defensive behaviors.

• It relays auditory signals to the amygdala.

Which part of the brain is primarily associated with assigning emotional significance?

• Hypothalamus

• Hippocampus

• Cortex

• Amygdala

What is the primary function of the HPA axis in stress response?

• To decrease stress levels immediately.

• To enhance cognitive function.

• To stimulate the release of glucocorticoids.

• To control emotional expressions.

How do glucocorticoids affect the body during stress?

• They decrease heart rate.

• They stabilize mood swings.

• They trigger the release of adrenaline.

• They produce physiological effects of the stress response.

What is the effect of chronic stress on immune function?

• It worsens adaptive immune function.

• It has no effect on immune function.

• It enhances immediate immune response.

• It improves adaptive immune function.