Unit 6: Developmental Psychology

Cross-sectional research differs from longitudinal research in that

• cross-sectional research studies the developmental changes of subjects who are of different ages

• cross-sectional research studies developmental changes using the same group of subjects over time as they grow older

• cross-sectional research is more reliable than developmental research

• cross-sectional research takes too much time to gather results

Of the following sets of themes, which pair best represents the core emphasis of developmental psychology?

• cross-sectional versus longitudinal and self-esteem versus self-doubt

• individual versus shared and stability versus change

• young versus old and stability versus change

• individual versus shared and young versus old

Which of the following is NOT true concerning teratogens?

• the impact of a teratogen depends on the genotype of the organism

• damage from teratogen is always evident at birth

• impact of teratogens depends on the dosage

• impact of teratogens often depends on the quality of the postnatal environment

Temperament is best defined as

• personality traits inherited from biological parents that influence emotional reactivity

• learned behavioral tendencies of a young child

• physical and emotional characteristics of a newborn child and young infant

• psychological and physiological personality traits a young child models from his or her environment

Research has determined that, between the ages of 6 and 12 months, all babies have acquired

• 3D dreaming

• ability to walk

• ability to talk

• depth perception

Motor development in babies develops in a proximodistal fashion. This is best described as

• from nearest to the center of the body to the farthest from the center

• from the top of the head to the bottom of the feet

• from the farthest from the center to the nearest to the center

• from the bottom of the body to the top of the body

Which of the following statements best defines maturation?

• it is directly based on social cognitive learning

• it is the basis for all physiological and psychological development

• it is an automatic biological development of the body and nervous system that naturally unfolds over time

• it does not take place in all human beings

According to Jean Piaget, at what stages of development are children able to grasp the concepts of object permanence and conservation, respectively?

• formal operational; preoperational

• concrete operational; formal operational

• sensorimotor; preoperational

• sensorimotor; concrete operational

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as

• the belief that young adults don't listen to their parents

• the idea that preschool children cannot see things from another's point of view

• the understanding young children cannot learn outside of a structured classroom

• the idea that young children are selfish and grow out of it over time

According to Jean Piaget, what type of learning do individuals acquire during the formal operational stage?

• abstract thought

• symbolism

• memorization skills

• visual learning