Mutation and Their Types-Lesson 20

What is the definition of mutation in simple words?

• Changes only to the physical appearance of organisms

• No changes to the genetic material of organisms

• Gradual changes to the genetic material of organisms

• Sudden and abrupt changes to the genetic material of organisms

Answer explanation

Mutation is defined as sudden and abrupt changes to the genetic material of organisms.

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation?

• Translocation

• Inversion

• Duplication

• Deletion

Answer explanation

Translocation is NOT a type of genetic mutation. The other options - Inversion, Duplication, and Deletion - are all types of genetic mutations involving changes in the DNA sequence.

What is the outcome of a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA?

• The reading frame will remain the same

• The gene will be deleted

• The entire codon will change

• No change in the genetic code

Answer explanation

The entire codon will change

What is the result of a deletion mutation in a chromosome?

• Chromosome gets smaller

• Chromosome gets longer

• No change in the chromosome

• Chromosome gets wider

Answer explanation

A deletion mutation in a chromosome results in the chromosome getting smaller, as a portion of genetic material is lost during the mutation process.

What is the term for a mutation where a part of a chromosome gets duplicated?

• Inversion

• Duplication

• Insertion

• Deletion

Answer explanation

The term for a mutation where a part of a chromosome gets duplicated is called Duplication.

Which type of mutation involves the mutation of chromosomes?

• Physical mutation

• Chemical mutation

• Chromosomal mutation

• Genetic mutation

Answer explanation

Chromosomal mutation involves the mutation of chromosomes, making it the correct choice in this case.

What is the term for a mutation where a segment from each chromosome gets interchanged?

• Inversion

• Duplication

• Deletion

• Translocation

Answer explanation

The term for a mutation where a segment from each chromosome gets interchanged is called Translocation.

What is the condition called when there is an additional X chromosome in an individual?

• Down syndrome

• Trisomy 21

• Klinefelter syndrome

• Turner syndrome

Answer explanation

Klinefelter syndrome is the condition when there is an additional X chromosome in an individual, leading to XXY genotype.

What causes alterations in DNA, genes, or chromosomes?

• Radiation and chemicals

• Healthy diet and exercise

• Sleeping too much

• Watching TV

Answer explanation

Alterations in DNA, genes, or chromosomes are caused by radiation and chemicals, making the correct answer choice 'Radiation and chemicals'.

What is the term for the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell?

• Aneuploidy

• Duplication

• Mutation

• Aberration

Answer explanation

The correct term for the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell is aneuploidy, which refers to the loss or gain of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct choice is Aneuploidy.