Biology Spiral Review Week 7

The cladogram shows the evolution of land plants as indicated by fossil records.

Which discovery would challenge the validity of this cladogram?

• A large aquatic vascular plant about 200 million years old

• A species of algae that has existed for less than one million years

• A moss species that has existed for less than 380 million years

• A fossil of a fern more than 425 million years old

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids.

However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide cells with more —

• nitrogen

• proteins

• structure

• energy

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

The hands of three primates are shown. In addition to having similar external appearances, the primates' hands have similar bone structures. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the similarity of these primates' hands?

• Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas eat the same types of foods.

• Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are descended from a common ancestor.

• Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas were the first mammals to evolve from reptiles.

• Tarsiers, orangutans, and gorillas are classified as different subspecies of the same species.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Lord Howe Island is a volcanic island in the Tasman Sea that is about 11 km long and 2.8 km wide. The island has two species of palm trees, Howea forsteriana and the more abundant Howea belmoreana. The two species do not interbreed even when they grow very close to each other. Which evolutionary process fails to occur?

• Genetic drift of Howea forsteriana

• Natural selection of adaptive traits in both species

• Gene flow between the two species

• Mutations in Howea belmoreana

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Using a light microscope, a student identified the following characteristics of four organisms found in a sample of pond water.

Based on the observations of the student, which organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic group for bacteria?

• Organisms 1 and 2

• Organisms 3 and 4

• Organisms 1 and 4

• Organisms 2 and 3

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A marine ecosystem is represented in the diagram. What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem?

• Nutrients from the soil

• Living space for the organisms

• Food sources

• Heat

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In any environment or ecosystem, organisms can have several different types of relationships. Three types of relationships are described in the chart.

Which of these correctly describes the relationships between the organisms?

• X: mutualism Y: parasitism Z: commensalism

• X: commensalism Y: mutualism Z: parasitism

• X: parasitism Y: commensalism Z: mutualism

• X: commensalism Y: parasitism Z: mutualism

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these processes produces gametes in animals?

• Mitosis

• Fertilization

• Meiosis

• Binary fission

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Telophase is a stage of a cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. During which cellular process does telophase occur?

• Translation

• Interphase

• Transcription

• Mitosis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this period the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?

• The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from reproducing.

• The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself.

• The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration.

• The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune system from functioning normally.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1