C3.1 Integration of body systems SL/HL

What is the primary role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

• Sensory integration
• Motor coordination
• Hormonal regulation
• Cognitive functions

Answer explanation

The CNS is primarily responsible for integrating sensory data to form perceptions, add to memory, make decisions, and execute motor responses, thus covering cognitive functions.

Which system works closely with the CNS to ensure body responses?

• Endocrine system
• Circulatory system
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Digestive system

Answer explanation

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects the CNS to limbs and organs, playing a crucial role in coordinating responses throughout the body.

What is the function of sensory neurons in the CNS pathway?

• Transmit motor signals
• Integrate information
• Detect and send impulses
• Produce neurotransmitters

Answer explanation

Sensory neurons detect external or internal stimuli and send these impulses towards the CNS for processing, which is essential for the CNS's input stage.

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary responses?

• Somatic nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system
• Endocrine system
• CNS

Answer explanation

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary responses such as heart rate and digestion, functioning independently of conscious control.

The integration stage in the CNS primarily occurs in the _____.

Answer explanation

During the integration stage, sensory signals received are processed in the brain and spinal cord, where decisions and reflex actions are coordinated.

What triggers the output stage in the CNS integration pathway?

• Sensory detection
• Hormonal signals
• Motor neuron activation
• Formulated motor commands

Answer explanation

The output stage is triggered by motor commands formulated in the brain, which are then sent through motor neurons to execute the necessary actions.

Which CNS function involves modifying responses based on past experiences?

• Sensory reception
• Motor output
• Memory and learning
• Hormonal regulation

Answer explanation

Memory and learning in the CNS allow the brain to store information and learn from experiences, which helps in modifying responses and predictions based on past interactions.

What is the role of interneurons during the CNS integration stage?

• Transmit sensory impulses
• Produce hormones
• Integrate information
• Send motor commands

Answer explanation

Interneurons in the CNS play a crucial role in integrating sensory information during the integration stage, which may result in reflex actions or further processing in the brain.

Reflex actions in the CNS bypass which part of the brain?

• Cerebellum
• Frontal lobe
• Entire brain
• Temporal lobe

Answer explanation

Reflex actions, such as withdrawing a hand from a hot object, occur without the involvement of the entire brain, illustrating rapid response and spinal cord's role in reflex integration.

How do neurons in the PNS transmit information to the CNS?

• Through blood flow
• Using electrical impulses
• By releasing hormones
• Through mechanical signals

Answer explanation

Neurons in the PNS transmit information to the CNS using electrical impulses, which are essential for fast communication between sensory organs and the brain.