What type of object is the bright bluish-white point of X-ray light at the center of the image

A supernova giant whose mass exceeds 8M

A giant star whose mass is less than 8M

If we had observed the object in the image 100,000 years ago, what would we have seen?

A supernova star whose mass would have exceeded 8M

A giant star whose mass was less than 8M

The objects in this image have a high redshift. What does it tell us about these objects? Select all correct answers

The objects are located far outside the Milky Way Galaxy

The object has a lookback time of a few billion years

The objects are located just outside the Milky Way galaxy

The object has a lookback time of a hew hundred thousand years

An all-sky of the CMB from the Planck Satellite

An all-sky map of gamma ray gamma-ray emission from the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory

An all-sky map of galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope

An all-sky map of X-ray emission from the Chandra X-ray Observatory

An all-sky map of infrared galaxies from the Spitzer Space Telescope

What do the blue and orange spots represent

They show small fluctuations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background

They show regions of enhanced gamma-ray emission

They show the distribution of high-redshift and low-redshift galaxies

They show large fluctuations in the temperature of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background

They show regions of enhanced X-ray emission in dark matter halos

What can we conclude from analyzing the data in this image? (Select all correct answers)

The universe appears to be homogeneous and isotropic on large scales

The gas in the early universe had a small density and temperature fluctuations

That the geometry of space is flat on large scales

The gas in the early universe had large density and temperature fluctuations

That the geometry of space is highly curved on large scales

It is a colliding pair of galaxy clusters. The two clusters are moving away from each other.

It is a single cluster of galaxies

It is a colliding pair of galaxy clusters. The two clusters are approaching each other.

It is a colliding pair of galaxies. The two galaxies are approaching each other.

It is a colliding pair of galaxies. The two galaxies are moving away from each other.

Which of the following statements are right about the image?

The blue light tells us where the gravitational mass is concentrated

The pink light tells us where the atomic matter is concentrated

The blue light shows us where the atomic matter is concentrated

The pink light tells us where the gravitational mass is concentrated

We saw in class that the CMB has anisotropies - slightly warmer and cooler spots. What is the approximate relative temperature variation from a hot spot to a cool spot?

1 part per ten thousand (0.01%)

At the start of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis about 10 seconds after the Big Bang, what was the matter distribution?

There was dark matter, protons, neutrons and electrons: about 7 protons for every neutron

There was dark matter, protons, neutrons and electrons: about 1 proton for every 7 neutrons

The universe was a quark-gluon plasma

The universe was composed of dark matter, ordinary matter and antimatter

A galaxy cluster contains matter of many types. Match the type of matter with the approximate percentage of total mass that it occupies in a galaxy cluster. Select the most correct statement

The cluster mass is about 80% dark matter, about 15% hot gas, about 5% stars

The cluster mass is about 80% hot gas, about 15% stars, about 5% dark matter

The cluster mass is about 80% stars, about 15% dark matter, about 5% hot gas

Clusters contain equal mass of stars, hot gas and dark matter

Which of the following is evidence of the existence of dark matter? Select all correct answers.

X-ray spectra of galaxy clusters show hot intergalactic plasma whose temperature exceeds 50 million K

The velocities of galaxies in galaxy clusters are too high to be accounted for by the luminous mass of galaxies and intergalactic plasma

Galaxy rotation curves show that stars and gas at large radii are orbiting their galactic center too quickly

Strong gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters implies a cluster mass that exceeds the luminous mass of galaxies and intergalactic plasma

Surveys have discovered black holes, brown dwarfs and planets that can account for the excess matter

Which of the following is evidence of the existence of dark (aka vacuum) energy? Select all correct answers

The accelerating expansion of the universe as measured from Type la supernovae

The geometric flatness of the universe as measured by the anisotropies in CMB

Gravitational lensing in images of rich galaxy clusters

The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field galaxy survey

The detection of gravitational ads by the LIGO and VIRGO experiments

Since 2015, a dozen or so bursts of gravitational radiation have been detected at the LIGO and VIRGO facilities. The gravitational waves are produced by merging compact objects. Why types of mergers have been detected so far? Select all correct answers

The merger of two neutron stars

The merger of two stellar-mass black holes

The merger of two white dwarf stars

The merger of two supermassive black holes

In 2017, one of these gravitational waves produced a gamma-ray burst, and the aftermath of the explosion was seen in the galaxy NGC 4993. What type of merger was this, and what was produced?

The merger of two neutron stars, producing a more massive neutron star

The merger of two neutron stars, producing a black hole

The merger of two white dwarf stars, producing a neutron star

The merger of two black holes, producing a more massive black hole

Recall the computer simulations of large-scale structure evolution we watched in class. What were the properties of very high redshift galaxies. Select all correct answers

High redshift galaxies were small and irregular

High redshift galaxies had low abundances of heavy elements like O and Fe

High redshift galaxies formed where the dark matter density was higher

High redshift galaxies were large spiral and elliptical galaxies

High redshift galaxies had relatively abundances of heavy elements like O and Fe

How did galaxies and galaxy clusters evolve in these simulations? Select all correct answers

Galaxies and galaxy clusters grew as a result of collisions and mergers

The rate of star formation, supernovae, and chemical evolution grew quickly, then went down to its current rate

Galaxies and galaxy clusters were torn apart and grew smaller as a result of collisions

The rate of star formation, supernovae, and chemical evolution grew steadily to its current rate

Which component has the highest mass-energy density today?

Vacuum energy (a.k.a dark energy)

At a scale factor of 0.1, which component had the highest mass-energy density?

Vacuum energy (aka dark energy)

What does this graph imply about the fate of the universe? Select all correct answers

The universe will expand, but it's expansion will slow down over time

The universe will expand forever

The universe's expansion will accelerate

The universe's expansion will eventually stop

If you increase the distance to a galaxy by a factor of 2, which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply

The galaxy appears twice as faint

The galaxy appears four times fainter

The galaxy's lookback time increases

The galaxy appears twice as small

The galaxy's redshift increases

Suppose you send a probe down to hover and orbit near the event horizon of a black hole. What would a distant observer see in the frame of reference of the probe? Select all correct answers

That a clock inside the probe is running slowly

That rulers inside the probe appear to be stretched

That light from the probe appears to be redshifted

That a clock inside the probe is running quickly

That light from the probe appears to be blueshifted

ESS Part 1

Authored by Mahadev T

Science

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51 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What image is this?

cluster of galaxies

globular cluster

elliptical galaxy

spiral galaxy

black hole

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The dark shadow from this image implies a Schwarzschild radius of 1.95 x 10^10 what is the mass of the object

130 M

6.5 M

19.5 M

6.5 x 10^9

19.5 x 10^9

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What image is this?

cluster of galaxies

globular cluster

elliptical galaxy

supernova remnant

planetary nebula

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How many stars does an object like this contain?

10,000 stars

1 million stars

100 million stars

10 billion stars

1 trillion stars

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Notice the jet coming from the center of this image. What produces this jet

A 50M black hole

A supermassive black hole

A neutron star

A white dwarf supernova

A core-collapse supernova

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What image is this?

Cluster of galaxies

Globular cluster

Elliptical galaxy

Supernova Remnant

Planetary Nebula

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How hot would the glowing plasma have to be to produce strong X-ray emission

600 K

6,000 K

60,000 K

600,000 K

6 million K

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