Evolution Remediation (SB6)

Darwin wrote many of the premises of 'The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection' by noting differences in the ________ of closely related ________, while studying in the Galapagos Islands.

• Feet, finches

• Beaks, finches

• Shell shapes, tortoises

• Dietary preferences, tortoises

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Giraffes were the subject of debate in the early days of evolutionary theory. LaMarck believed in acquired characteristics, while Darwin believed in evolution by natural selection. Which is an accurate match between the author, and how he would explain the long neck of giraffes?

• LaMarck believed that giraffes were created with long necks and remained unchanged from their original design.

• Darwin believed that giraffes could stretch their necks to reach leaves and then pass this trait on to their offspring.

• LaMarck believed that over time, shorter giraffes were starved out and giraffes with longer necks survived to reproduce.

• Darwin believed that giraffes with longer necks had a higher survival rate, due to ease of feeding and reproduction, and this is the way giraffes evolved.

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While on the Galapagos Islands, Darwin noticed that there were a number of species of finches that he theorized descended from a common ancestor. He hypothesized that these finches became isolated on an island and adapted to fit an ecological role on that island. What about the finches led Darwin to this belief?

• Feather color

• Body size

• Beak shape

• Mating behavior

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The cheetah is one of the fastest animals on the planet. How would Lamarck best explain this trait?

• Cheetahs were forced to run as fast as they could to catch prey; the more they ran, the faster they became and passed this on to their offspring.

• Those cheetahs who ran fast were able to get food and survive and reproduce, passing this trait on to offspring.

• Through the survival of the fittest, slow cheetahs died.

• The environment chose fast cheetahs.

A particular bird species found in North America obtains most of its food energy by catching and eating insects. A mutation arises in this bird population that increases the length of its beak. Although many mutations are harmful, this particular mutation has increased the ability of the bird to catch and eat certain insects. Which of these is the most likely outcome of this mutation?

• The insects that are eaten by this bird are likely to become extinct.

• Sharp pointed beaks will result in the birds eating other more unusual food items.

• Other bird species will be more likely to also develop pointed beaks in order to compete.

• Individual birds with the mutation will be more likely to survive and reproduce than birds without the mutation.

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One of the major elements of natural selection is that all species have genetic

• Digression

• Adaptation

• Stability

• Variation

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

The diagram shows a type of extinct species, pterosaur, a bat, and a type of bird, a cormorant. All three organisms have wings that look and work alike but were not evolved from a common ancestor. Which term is used to describe body structures that look alike and serve a similar function but are not descended from a common ancestor?

• Analogous structures

• Vestigial structures

• Evolutionary features

• Homologous structures

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

20,000 years ago, two populations of the black-tailed rats became separated from each other by the formation of a large canyon, thus preventing their interbreeding. The condition described is

• Mass extinction

• Selective breeding

• Adaptive radiation

• Geographic isolation

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Geologists discovered fossil evidence of mesohippus, an ancestor of the modern horse. Mesohippus lived in North America about 40 million years ago. Mesohippus was about two feet tall, ran on hooves with three toes, and had large, grinding teeth. What statement is best supported by the fossil evidence?

• Ancient horses were once carnivores.

• Horses have evolved over the last 40 million years.

• Horses migrated from South America into North America.

• Modern-day horses share a common ancestor with all mammals.

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Which term best demonstrates when an organism is better adapted to the environment that they live in and are more likely to survive and reproduce?

• Natural variation

• Natural selection

• Speciation

• Living

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