What happens during a solstice?

C) The Sun reaches its greatest distance north or south from the equator.

A) The Sun reaches an equal distance between the north and south poles.

B) The Sun is directly over the north or south pole.

D) The Sun is directly over the equator.

What causes the change in seasons?

A) the distance from the Earth to the Sun

B) the orbit of the Moon around the Sun

What do you know about the sun’s motion based on the nebular hypothesis model?

B. The sun rotates in the same direction as planets move around the sun.

A. The sun and planets both move on the same orbital paths.

C. The faster the sun moves, the faster the planets travel in their orbits.

D. There is no relationship between planetary movement and the sun.

Which of the following observations support Aristotle’s geocentric model? Select all statements that apply.

A. The sun, moon, and stars appear to follow a circular path through the sky.

D. For people on Earth, the planet does not feel like it is moving.

E. Some planets appear to cross between the sun and Earth.

F. Some planets appear to pass behind and beyond the sun.

B. The sun and moon appear to be the same size and brightness as the stars.

On one clear night, the moon is high in the sky when the sun sets. It is no longer visible after 11 p.m. Which describes the motion of the moon on this day? Select all that apply.

A. The moon traveled from east to west.

D. The moon rose during the daytime.

B. The moon rose after the sun set.

How does the daily cycle of daytime and nighttime depend on Earth’s rotation?

B. It is morning on the part of Earth that is turning into the sun and evening on the part that is turning away from the sun.

A. The sun rises in the west and sets in the east because Earth rotates west to east.

C. The Northern Hemisphere experiences daytime while the Southern Hemisphere experiences nighttime because Earth rotates around its axis.

Why does the moon appear to change shape throughout each month?

C. Different parts of the sunlit area are visible from Earth due to motions in the Earth-sun-moon system.

A. The fraction of the moon that is lit by the sun changes.

B. Different parts of the moon become visible from Earth as the moon rotates.

Which of these describes the differences in sunlight striking Earth at different latitudes? Select all that apply.

A. The intensity of the sun’s energy received at the equator is greater than the intensity of the energy received at the poles.

D. Sunlight passes through less atmosphere at the equator, so more sunlight gets through, which makes locations around the equator hotter.

B. Sunlight strikes at a greater angle at the equator, which spreads out the sunlight.

C. As you move away from the equator, the rays of sunlight striking Earth are no longer parallel.

Which of these statements is shown by the photo?

A. The Southern Hemisphere is in summer and the Northern Hemisphere is in winter.

B. Both polar regions are experiencing day and nighttime hours of relatively equal length.

C. The Southern Hemisphere is closer to the sun than the Northern Hemisphere.

Which statement about stars in the night sky is true?

B. When viewed from the same location at the same time of night, stars visible in December may or may not be seen in March.

A. People in Alaska and in Florida are likely to see the same stars over the course of a night, but the stars may be in a different location in the sky.

C. Stars seen from the Northern Hemisphere in the fall are only seen from the Southern Hemisphere in the spring.

Which evidence first supported the heliocentric model of the solar system?

C. taking pictures of distant galaxies with satellite-based cameras

A. mapping of stars using the unaided eye

B. determining that planets orbit in elliptical paths with telescopes

D. observing the surface features of nearby planets and moons with telescopes

Which method of data gathering can provide evidence of the formation of the solar system?

D. observations of other stars and supernovas experiencing collisions and other movements

A. use of cameras and telescopes during the formation of the solar system

B. sending teams of astronauts to each planet to gather samples from the planet

C. sending astronauts to visit the sun and gather samples and record measurements

The Milky Way is approximately 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 km, or 100,000 light-years, across. Which measurement is preferred when talking about distance in galaxies and why?

A. Because galaxies are so large, the distances within and between them are measured in light-years.

B. Because galaxies exist in only a small region of the universe, they are measured in km.

C. Because solar systems are related to the stars at their center, distance within galaxies are measured in km.

D. Because of the distance, galaxies closer to Earth are measured in km, while galaxies farther away are measured using light-years.

Students are studying the solar system. They are using the following table to analyze the similarities and differences among the planets. Circle the letters of the answers that correctly describe the planets in the solar system.

A. The largest planets are made of gases.

E. The planets closer to the sun are relatively small compared with the planets farther from the sun.

B. Mars and Earth are very close to each other in size.

C. Saturn and Uranus are about the same distance from the sun.

D. Compared with the other planets in the solar system, Earth has the strongest gravitational force.

According to the nebular theory, which planet is most likely to be gaseous rather than rocky?

D. Neptune, because as the planets get farther from the solar nebula, their composition is more icy and gaseous

A. Venus, because it is the warmest planet and so is more likely to be gaseous

B. Mercury, because planets closer to the solar nebula are more likely to be made of gas, like the nebula

C. Earth, because the atmosphere consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases, so it is a gaseous planet

Earth in Space / Solar System Test

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C) material ejected from the sun

D) the asteroid belt

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The inner planets are composed mainly of __________.

The Sun appears to rise and set because of __________.

The __________ of the Moon were formed from lava flows.

Which is the only outer planet that is not a gas giant?

What is the shape of Earth?

One orbit of Earth around the Sun is called a(n) __________.

Where might the Moon have come from?

Which is the order during a lunar eclipse?

What happens during a solstice?

What causes the change in seasons?

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