HYPERKALEMIA

Hyperkalemia mean....

• High level of calcium in blood

• High level of potassium in blood

• High level of magnesium in blood

• High level of chloride in blood

Lytic Cocktail is a treatment for Hyperkalemia. What are the component of Lytic Cocktail?

• Calcium Gluconate 10 %

• Novarapid

• Dextrose 50%

• Dextrose 5%

• Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4%

How much (in ml) of Calcium Gluconate 10 % you will give to patient?

How long (in minutes) you will give the Calcium Gluconate 10% to the patient?

How much (in unit) you will give the Novarapid to the patient?

What are the sequence in giving the Lytic Cocktail?

1. Sodium Bicarbonate

2. Novarapid

3. Calcium Gluconate

4. Dextrose 50%

What is the function of Calcium Gluconate 10% in Hyperkalemia?

• To increase the low level of calcium in the blood

• To build a strong bone

• To strengthen the heart

• To cure the arrhythmia

What is the function of Novarapid as Insulin in Hyperkalemia?

• To cure the arrhythmia

• To prevent DKA

• To reduce the level of glucose

• To shift the potassium in the blood into the cell

In sign of Hyperkalemia, what would ECG showed?

• T wave spike/ tall

• PR interval prolonged

• QRS widen

• Bradycardia

• Tachycardia

Contraindication of KCL including.......

• Hypercalcemia

• Allergic reaction

• Digoxin

• Renal Failure

Answer explanation

1. 1. Hypercalcemia has been shown to activate the calcium-sensing receptor in the thick ascending limb of Henle and inactivate the 2 chloride sodium potassium co-transporter and induce a hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, an effect similar to that of the loop diuretic furosemide.

2. 2. Digoxin binds to the K⁺ site of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump, low serum potassium levels increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Conversely, hyperkalemia diminishes digoxin's effectiveness.

3. 3. Renal failure will cause the retention of potassium level in the blood.