Biology Spring Final Review

What are the monomers of DNA?

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

• Fatty acids

• Saccharides

How does DNA replication result in the formation of new DNA molecules?

• One with two new strands and the other with two original strands.

• Each with one original and one new strand.

• Each with two original strands.

• Each with two new strands.

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What about DNA's structure determines the protein function it codes for?

• the hydrogen bonds that hold bases together

• the sugar and phosphate groups on the sides of the DNA ladder

• order of the nitrogen bases (A-T, G-C)

• the covalent bonds in the backbone

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What do we call the condensed DNA we can see during cell division?

• histones

• chromatin

• chromosomes

• spindle fibers

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Where can we find DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

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Cell division in organisms happens for a number of reasons. Which of the following is NOT a reason for cell division?

• To grow

• To repair

• To reproduce

• To change DNA

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What best defines cancer?

• Cancer occurs when cell growth regulators are overactive.

• Cancer occurs when there is an increase in cell differentiation.

• Cancer occurs when metaphase of mitosis is skipped by the cell and the chromosomes never line up.

• Cancer occurs when cells undergo excessive apoptosis.

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How can cells look and function differently when they contain the same DNA?

• All proteins are made from the DNA in each cell and the ones that are not needed are destroyed.

• All cells in an organism have different DNA, thus giving cells different structure and function.

• A muscle and nerve cell look and function in the same way.

• Different genes are expressed which leads to different proteins being synthesized.

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What is the role of specialized adult cells in an organism?

• They can cure cancer

• They are gametes that can produce new organisms.

• They are adult cells that are specialized and cannot take on any other job.

• They can transform into different types of cells when needed (i.e. regenerative medicines)

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Genes contain the instructions for assembling what macromolecule?

• lipids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acids

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