Confucianism and Government

Define bureaucracy p. 422

• A system of government or management in which decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
• A system of government or management in which decisions are made by elected officials rather than state officials.

Define civil service p. 422

• Civil service is to serve as a military officer.

• Civil service is to serve as a teacher.

• Civil service is to serve as a government official.

• Civil service is to serve as a pizza delivery person.

Define scholar official p. 422

• A scholar official in imperial China was a military leader appointed based on hereditary means.
• A scholar official in imperial China was a government official appointed based on physical strength rather than intellectual achievements.
• A scholar official in imperial China was a religious leader appointed based on popularity among the people.
• A scholar official in imperial China was a government official appointed based on intellectual achievements rather than hereditary means.

What two principals did Confucius believe people should follow?

• Yin and Yang
• Ren and Li
• Xin and Yi
• Gong and Shu

What was Neo-Confucianism?

• A Vietnamese religious practice combining elements of Buddhism and folk traditions
• The Song Dynasty's new version of Confucianism that blended proper behavior and spiritual matters and ethics.

• A Korean belief system centered around shamanism and animism
• A Japanese philosophy focused on the worship of nature and ancestors

Why do you think Neo-Confucianism appealed to many people?

• It rejected all traditional Chinese philosophies
• It focused solely on individualism
• It promoted violence and conflict
• It combined Confucian ethical teachings with metaphysical and cosmological ideas from Daoism and Buddhism.

Why would people want to become scholar officials?

• To escape societal expectations, responsibilities, and obligations.
• For social status, power, and career advancement.
• To pursue artistic endeavors, travel, and exploration.
• For leisure, entertainment, and relaxation.

Do you think civil service examinations were a good way to choose government officials?

• Yes, civil service examinations were a good way to choose government officials, because they could test of important skills needed for the job.

• No, civil service examinations did not test relevant skills.
• No, civil service examinations were too time-consuming.
• No, civil service examinations were biased.