Axial length is defined as distance from

• Cornea to lens
• Front surface of cornea to retina
• Posterior surface of the lens to retina
• Posterior surface of cornea to sclera

Axial length can be obtained with

• Contact technique - ultrasound A-Scan
• Non-contact technique - ocular Biometers
• Both A and B
• Corneal topography map

Axial length is important in myopia management because:

• It helps to correlate with refractive errors
• It helps to understand if myopia is due to axial elongation or refractive nature
• It partly helps to eliminate other forms of myopia
• All of the above

What is the first step in myopia management based on IMPACT myopia guidelines:

• Identify true axial myope
• Identify progressive myope
• Start myopia control treatment immediately
• Map all risk factors of myopia

Resolution of non-contact biometers for axial length is approximately:

• 0.01 mm
• 0.10 mm
• 0.30 mm
• 1 mm

Cycloplegic retinoscopy is necessary when_____

• There is an anisometropia
• There is a difference of -0.50DS in subjective refraction and PGP
• There is a convergence insufficiency
• There is a Moderate Myopia.

Accurate refractions without cycloplegia can be performed by_____

• Retinoscopy
• Open field Autorefractometer
• Accurate subjective refraction with fogging
• All of the above

Why Binocular Vision matters in Myopia management?

• BV can help us to diagnose tropias
• BV can help us identify pre-myopes
• BV can help us identify refractive error of the patient
• All of the above

Binocular vision can help identify children at risk of Myopia if they have_______

• Higher AC/A ratio
• Near Esophoria
• Accommodative lag
• All of the above

If the Lag of accommodation is +2.0DS, you should start with _____ Addition in Non- presbyopic myopic children.

• +0.50 DS
• +1.50DS
• +2.50DS
• +2.75DS