Physical Science Review_Part A

An object's mass is a measure of how much matter makes it up. An object's weight is a measure of the gravitational force that acts on it. An object's mass is always ______ its weight.

• double

• proportional to

• equal to

• half of

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

The weight of a space shuttle is about 20.0 million newtons. What is the space shuttle's weight when it is traveling through outer space?

• 20.0 million newtons

• 0 newtons

• 10.0 million newtons

• 20.0 newtons

Answer explanation

An object's weight is a measure of the amount of gravitational force acting on it.

When the space shuttle is close to the Earth's surface, the gravitational force acting on it is very strong, making its weight20.0 million newtons. But when the space shuttle is in outer space, the gravitational force acting on it is very tiny, making its weight

0.0 newtons

.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

Which event is an example of a contact force?

• an electric charge jumping from a sweater to a person

• a person pulling a sled

• a nail being attracted to a magnet

• a leaf falling from a tree

Which of the following best describes a noncontact force?

• a force that must be physically touching the object it acts on

• a force that always pushes objects forward

• a force that always pulls objects backward

• a force that is able to act at a distance

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NGSS.MS-PS2-5

After walking across a carpeted floor in socks, Jim brings his finger near a metal doorknob and receives a shock. This demonstrates that

• frictional forces act at a distance

• electric forces can act at a distance

• electric forces require direct contact

• frictional forces require direct contact

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Jamie pushes a book off a table. The push is an example of a contact force because

• the book fell to the floor

• Jamie had to touch the book to move it

• Jamie used energy

• the book was on a flat surface

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Brock brings a magnet near a metal object. A magnetic force acts on an object, pulling it upward. Which of the following best describes the magnetic force?

• a force that acts at a distance

• a frictional force

• a gravitational force

• a contact force

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While an airplane is in flight, four forces act on it. Thrust is caused by the airplane's propellers pushing through the surrounding air, pulling the airplane forward. Drag is caused by the air smacking into the plane's surface, pushing it backward. Lift is caused by the air rushing over the wings, pushing it upward. And weight is caused by gravity pulling the plane downward.

Which force acts on the plane at a distance?

• thrust

• drag

• lift

• weight

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A nail is hit with a hammer. Which type of contact force has been applied?

• impact force

• tension force

• friction force

• spring force

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Between steps 2 and 3, the chemical energy in the coal is converted to:

• electrical energy

• transitional energy

• mechanical energy

• heat energy

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