Unit 8 Biology Vocab: Test Review

mRNA

• Carries copies of these instructions from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

• responsible for storing genetic information

• only found in prokaryotic cells

• a type of lipid molecule

rRNA

• the sugar found in RNA

• Part of ribosomes.

  Makes proteins 

  Clamps onto mRNA → uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order.

• the sugar found in DNA

  (“deoxy” referring to the fact that deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than ribose sugar)

• the remaining pieces that are spliced back together; form the final mRNA molecule

tRNA

•  Transfers each amino acid to the ribosomes as specified by coded messages in mRNA.

• Long chain of amino acids

• A point mutation in which one base is changed/substituted for another base

• chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and can cause mutations

ribose

• the sugar found in DNA

  (“deoxy” referring to the fact that deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than ribose sugar)

• portions of the mRNA that are cut out and discarded

• A portion of the DNA strand is copied into mRNA

• the sugar found in RNA

deoxyribose

• a nitrogenous base found in RNA molecules (found in place of Thymine, which is found in DNA molecules).  Bonds with Adenine

• the sugar found in DNA

  (“deoxy” referring to the fact that deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than ribose sugar)

• the remaining pieces that are spliced back together; form the final mRNA molecule

• a change in the DNA sequence in a cell.

uracil

• When a point mutation still codes for the same amino acid, and thus, the final protein is not changed

• chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and can cause mutations

• A point mutation in which one base is removed/deleted from the DNA sequence

• a nitrogenous base found in RNA molecules (found in place of Thymine, which is found in DNA molecules).  Bonds with Adenine

transcription

• A series of 3 nitrogenous bases, coding for 1 amino acid 

  (amino acid = monomer of proteins)

• A point mutation in which one base is removed/deleted from the DNA sequence

• A portion of the DNA strand is copied into mRNA

• A series of 3 nitrogenous bases, coding for 1 amino acid 

  (amino acid = monomer of proteins)

RNA polymerase

• The enzyme that transcribes DNA to mRNA

• portions of the mRNA that are cut out and discarded

• A point mutation in which one base is changed/substituted for another base

• A series of 3 nitrogenous bases, coding for 1 amino acid 

  (amino acid = monomer of proteins)

Introns

• the remaining pieces that are spliced back together; form the final mRNA molecule

• portions of the mRNA that are cut out and discarded

• A series of 3 nitrogenous bases, coding for 1 amino acid 

  (amino acid = monomer of proteins)

• a change in the DNA sequence in a cell.

Exons

• reading the mRNA message to form proteins

  Happens in the cytoplasm, in the ribosomes

• Result of an insertion or deletion, whereby the reading frame of the genetic material is shifted

• A series of 3 nitrogenous bases, coding for 1 amino acid 

  (amino acid = monomer of proteins)

• the remaining pieces that are spliced back together; form the final mRNA molecule