G9 - Topic 2 - Lesson 2 - Europeans Gain Footholds in Asia

How did the Portuguese use geographic factors to help them control the spice trade?

• They used overwhelming force and conquered inland kingdoms, which they turned into a trading empire.

• They used force and diplomacy to set up coastal trading posts and seize key ports around the Indian Ocean.

• They used shrewd diplomacy to establish a network of alliances with inland Indian rulers and Arab traders.

• They used European technology and vastly expanded agricultural production to set up a trading empire.

Unlike most Spanish and Portuguese traders in East Asia, most Dutch East India Company traders

• wanted to spread Christianity to East Asia.

• sailed around the Indian Ocean in search of spices.

• used force and diplomacy to seize coastal towns.

• worked for a trading company having sovereign powers.

What did the British East India Company do to dominate most of India?

• encouraged Mughal emperors to make destructive political decisions

• used alliances, armies, and its wealth to weaken the Mughal empire

• used diplomacy to unite Hindus and Muslims

• partnered with the French to exclude Mughal goods from Europe

Why did Ming China demand that Europeans pay for goods with gold or silver?

• The Ming needed money to pay for European goods.

• No Ming trade items interested Europeans.

• The Ming lacked access to precious metals.

• No European trade items interested them.

How did the Qing emperor respond to Britain’s diplomatic mission?

• Lord Macartney and the Qing emperor discussed Britain’s requests and agreed on increased trade.

• The Qing emperor received Lord Macartney but rejected Britain’s requests for trade.

• Lord Macartney misunderstood Qing court manners, insulted the emperor, and war resulted.

• The Qing emperor and Lord Macartney disagreed but scheduled future talks.

Both Korea and Japan followed a policy of isolationism because

• they thought Europeans and other foreigners were a threat to their independence.

• they did not respect the power of European rulers.

• they had close ties to China and followed China’s wishes.

• they had no interest in new ideas and technology.