What movement is credited with extending religious ideas into the political and secular spheres according to the document?

• The Renaissance

• The Industrial Revolution

• The Enlightenment

• The Scientific Revolution

What intellectual movement emerged in the mid-seventeenth century and had a profound effect on politics in the eighteenth century, including the creation of the American republic and the French Revolution?

• The Renaissance

• The Enlightenment

• The Industrial Revolution

• The Romantic Era

Which of the following best describes the Enlightenment's view on human reasoning and decision-making?

• It promoted faith over reason and accepted traditional beliefs without question.

• It emphasized the power of logic and reason over faith, encouraging debate and scrutiny.

• It supported the divine right of kings and traditional monarchical structures.

• It discouraged individual thought and favored collective decision-making.

John Locke, a key thinker during the Enlightenment, is often associated with which of the following concepts?

• The divine right of kings

• Mechanistic theory

• Liberalism and the relationship between individuals and government

• Theocracy and religious governance

What was a major challenge posed by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke to the existing medieval attitudes?

• They argued for the continuation of monarchical rule as divinely ordained.

• They supported the unchallenged power of the clergy in political matters.

• They advocated for a political system based on reason, challenging the divine right of kings.

• They rejected any form of government and promoted anarchy.

What book by John Locke is generally regarded as the cornerstone of liberal thought?

• Principles of Political Economy

• Two Treatises of Government

• The Social Contract

• Leviathan

According to John Locke, what must the state's structures embody to ensure they are not worse than the state of nature?

• The natural rights and natural liberties that preceded it

• The divine right of kings

• The principles of absolute monarchy

• The rule of the majority

John Locke's view of the 'state of nature' was influenced by which philosopher's earlier work?

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Thomas Hobbes

• Karl Marx

• Plato

What concept did John Locke introduce that involves the idea that the state's legitimacy comes from the governed's ongoing consent?

• The social contract

• The divine right

• The rule of law

• The separation of powers

How did John Locke believe the state should be structured to prevent tyranny?

• By having a single ruler with absolute power

• By ensuring all power remains with the military

• By dispersing powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches

• By allowing the church to govern the state