SOL Review Oceanography

Sea water is typically denser than freshwater due to seawater's -

• higher salinity

• lower freezing point

• smaller mass

• greater depth.

When the seafloor spreads, volcanoes and ridges are formed because -

• sediments are deposited where the floor spreads, building ridges.

• as the plates pull apart, magma moves to the surface, building ridges.

• ocean water pushes down on the surrounding sea floor, pushing up ridges,

• underwater earthquakes lift the sea floor into long ridges.

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All of the following are features of the ocean indicating tectonic activity except -

• abyssal plains

• mid-ocean ridges

• seamounts

• trenches

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Why is the surface temperature of the oceans more variable than the water near the ocean floor?

• Most energy is exchanged at the surface.

• Most animals live near the surface.

• The water is less dense at the surface.

• The salt concentration is more variable at the surface.

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Many species of the order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) have become so scarce that they are now protected by international law. Which of the following probably did NOT contribute to the decline in these populations?

• the whaling industry

• fishing nets

• ocean pollution

• increased carbon dioxide in the air.

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The two most common ions found in ocean water are -

• chloride & sodium

• potassium & calcium

• phosphate & nitrate

• magnesium & sodium

Which of these describes the most common way that material is added to a continental shelf?

• Evaporation from continental watersheds

• deposition of continental sediments

• eruption of continental volcanoes

• subduction of continental plates.

Most water leaves the ocean through evaporation and returns to the ocean through -

• surface runoff

• ground water

• transpiration

• precipitation

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The Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean is 36,160 feet below sea level. This deep oceanic trench is caused by -

• swift ocean currents eroding away the ocean floor

• the collapse of an empty magma chamber in a large volcano

• excessive boat traffic disrupting the normal sedimentation process

• two tectonic plates colliding and one plunging below the other

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All of the following are sources of energy derived from the ocean except -

• coal

• thermal

• tides

• waves