Biology SOL Review (Part 1)

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• A) Enzymes provide energy to initiate chemical reactions.

• B) Enzymes alter the equilibrium constant of reactions.

• C) Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur.

• D) Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

When comparing cellular structures to the entire organism, which statement is most accurate?

• Cellular structures are identical in composition and function to the entire organism.

• Cellular structures are larger in size but perform similar functions as the entire organism.

• Cellular structures are specialized components that perform specific functions within the organism.

• Cellular structures are independent entities that do not contribute to the overall function of the organism.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Which of the following accurately identifies the DNA sequences involved in protein synthesis?

• Start codons

• Stop codons

• Promoter regions

• All of the above

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following mutations is characterized by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, causing a shift in the reading frame?

• A) Missense mutation

• B) Nonsense mutation

• C) Frameshift mutation

• D) Silent mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports cell theory?

• Discovery of organelles within cells

• Observations of spontaneous generation

• Microscopic examination revealing cells as the basic unit of life

• Fossil records indicating the presence of ancient cells

Which historical contribution played a crucial role in supporting the cell theory?

• Discovery of antibiotics

• Invention of the electron microscope

• Formulation of the law of inheritance

• Observation of cork cells by Robert Hooke

Which of the following best describes the chemical and biological principles of enzymes?

• Enzymes are inorganic molecules that initiate biochemical reactions.

• Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions to occur.

• Enzymes provide energy to drive metabolic processes in cells.

• Enzymes are structural components of cell membranes that regulate molecule passage.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• This enzyme works best in highly acidic environments
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 7.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Using the diagram, match the following.

• Substrate

• D

• Product

• B

• Enzyme

• A

• Active Site

• C

• Enzyme Substrate Complex

• E

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which property of water is responsible for its ability to moderate temperature and stabilize environmental conditions?

• Cohesion

• Adhesion

• High specific heat capacity

• Universal solvent property