Inductive & Deductive Reasoning Review

Inductive reasoning involves

• Starting with a general principle and applying it to a specific case.

• Using a specific observation to make a general conclusion.

• Evaluating arguments based on logical consistency.

• Testing hypotheses through controlled experiments.

Deductive reasoning involves

• Drawing specific conclusions from a general premise.

• Forming general conclusions based on specific observations.

• Making predictions based on previous data.

• Identifying patterns and trends.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

• Identifying patterns and trends.

• Making predictions based on previous data.

• Forming general conclusions based on specific observations.

• Drawing specific conclusions from a general premise.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

• All mammals have hearts; a dog is a mammal; therefore, a dog has a heart.

• All birds can fly; a penguin is a bird; therefore, a penguin can fly.

• Every swan I have seen is white; therefore, all swans are white.

• If it rains, the ground gets wet; it is raining; therefore, the ground is wet.

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

• Some dogs are brown; my neighbor has a dog; therefore, my neighbor’s dog is brown.

• All humans need oxygen to survive; I am a human; therefore, I need oxygen to survive.

• The sun rises every morning; it is morning; therefore, the sun will rise.

• My cat likes fish; all cats must like fish.

In inductive reasoning, conclusions are:

• Always true if the premises are true.

• Impossible to verify.

• Probable but not certain.

• Based on mathematical proofs.

In deductive reasoning, conclusions are

• Always true if the premises are true.

• Probable but not certain.

• Based on observations.

• Dependent on external factors.

In the statement "All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal," the reasoning is

• Inductive

• Analogical

• Deductive

• Heuristic

An example of a deductive fallacy is:

• Drawing a conclusion from an incomplete set of observations.

• Assuming what is true for a part is true for the whole.

• Concluding something must be true because it has not been proven false.

• Misapplying a general rule to a specific case where it does not apply.

The statement "If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is not raining. Therefore, the ground is not wet" is an example of

• Valid deductive reasoning.

• Invalid deductive reasoning.

• Inductive reasoning.

• Analogical reasoning.