A&P: Human Body Systems Quiz 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty in voluntary movement and muscle contraction. Using your understanding of the muscular system, which type of muscle tissue is most likely affected, and what evidence supports your reasoning?

• Cardiac muscle; because it is responsible for pumping blood involuntarily.

• Skeletal muscle; because it is under voluntary control and responsible for body movement.

• Smooth muscle; because it controls involuntary movements in internal organs.

• Epithelial tissue; because it covers body surfaces.

A person suffers a bone fracture in the femur. Analyze how the structure of the skeletal system contributes to both the initial injury and the healing process.

• The compact bone provides flexibility, and the periosteum aids in healing.

• The spongy bone absorbs shock, and bone marrow produces red blood cells for healing.

• The rigid structure of compact bone makes it susceptible to fractures, while the periosteum and bone marrow facilitate repair by providing nutrients and new cells.

• The cartilage prevents fractures, and ligaments repair the bone.

Given a scenario where a person has frequent infections and swelling in their limbs, use reasoning to determine which component of the lymphatic system is likely malfunctioning and explain your answer.

• Lymph nodes; because they filter lymph and help fight infection.

• Spleen; because it produces digestive enzymes.

• Thymus; because it stores calcium.

• Tonsils; because they produce red blood cells.

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A patient is unable to properly digest fats. Using your knowledge of digestive system processes, which organ is most likely not functioning correctly, and what is the reasoning behind your answer?

• Stomach; because it produces bile.

• Liver; because it produces bile necessary for fat emulsification.

• Pancreas; because it absorbs nutrients.

• Esophagus; because it stores bile.

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A burn victim has lost a significant portion of their skin. Analyze how the integumentary system’s protective functions are compromised and predict the possible health risks.

• Increased risk of dehydration and infection due to loss of barrier function.

• Improved temperature regulation due to exposed tissues.

• Enhanced vitamin D production due to more sunlight exposure.

• Decreased risk of infection due to increased immune response.

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A person is diagnosed with a blockage in a major artery. Using evidence from the cardiovascular system, predict the potential consequences for the tissues supplied by that artery and justify your reasoning.

• The tissues will receive more oxygen, leading to increased function.

• The tissues will receive less oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell damage or death.

• The tissues will become more flexible due to increased blood flow.

• The tissues will be unaffected because veins compensate for arteries.

A person is experiencing muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Using your understanding of muscular system functions, explain the physiological reason for this fatigue.

• Accumulation of lactic acid due to anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.

• Decrease in bone density due to overuse.

• Increase in lymph flow due to muscle contraction.

• Decrease in skin elasticity due to sweating.

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A child is diagnosed with rickets, a disease affecting bone development. Use your knowledge of skeletal system structure to explain which component is most likely deficient and why.

• Collagen fibers; because they provide flexibility.

• Calcium and vitamin D; because they are essential for bone mineralization and strength.

• Red bone marrow; because it produces white blood cells.

• Articular cartilage; because it prevents bone growth.

A patient has a compromised immune response and frequent illnesses. Using reasoning, determine which lymphatic organ is most likely underdeveloped or damaged and justify your answer.

• Thymus; because it is essential for T-cell maturation and immune function.

• Appendix; because it digests food.

• Pancreas; because it regulates blood sugar.

• Gallbladder; because it stores bile.

A person is unable to absorb nutrients efficiently, leading to malnutrition. Analyze which part of the digestive system is most likely malfunctioning and provide evidence for your answer.

• Stomach; because it absorbs most nutrients.

• Small intestine; because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption.

• Large intestine; because it digests proteins.

• Esophagus; because it produces digestive enzymes.

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