Unit 8 EOC Review 24

The combined alleles of all the individuals in a population is called the _________.

• phenotype
• mutation rate
• gene pool
• allele frequency

A trait that allows organisms/populations to be better suited to its environment is called a(n) _________.

• accommodations
• variation
• adaptation
• acclimation

What did Charles Darwin mean when he stated that some organisms were 'more fit' than other organisms?

• Not all organisms were equally suited to gathering food.
• Not all organisms had the same natural life span.
• Some organisms were heavier and stronger.
• Some organisms were more likely to reproduce

A bird that can easily out-compete other birds for food & can produce many eggs has a high ____.

• fitness
• mutation rate
• life expectancy
• adaptability

Survival of the fittest or when favorable adaptations reproduce faster is called what?

• Evolution
• Natural Selection
• Adaptation
• Genetic Drift

The above image shows four different finches that Charles Darwin found while on the Galapagos Islands. This information led Darwin to develop the idea that organisms change, or evolve, over time. Which of these would best describe what Darwin saw as the MAJOR difference(s) between these finches?

• The lived in similar environments and ate similar things.
• They lived in different environments and ate different things.
• The ones with the larger beaks were more successful at eating food than those of the smaller beaks.
• Only their beak size was different, and they lived together and ate the same food.

A population of bacteria is treated with hand sanitizer. Because of genetic variation in the population, what is a possible outcome?

• The population will grow quickly.
• They will get better at obtaining a food source.
• All of the bacteria are already resistant.
• Some may be resistant and survive.

During a period of droughts in the Mojave Desert, seeds that are small and easily eaten become more and more rare, leaving mostly seeds that are large with hard-cased shells behind. The only birds that can eat these particular seeds are those with large beaks. If the drought continues for several more years, what should be expected to happen as a result of natural selection?

• Small birds will gain larger beaks by exercising their mouths more.
• More small-beaked birds will die than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in the following generations will have a higher percentage of birds with larger beaks.
• Smaller birds will mutate their beak genes, resulting in the following generations having a higher percentage of birds with larger beaks.
• Small birds will eat more to gain weight in preparation for the drought. As a result, they will grow larger beaks from eating more.

A population of mollusks are living in a stable ecosystem in the ocean. A rapid drop in sea level causes the formation of a lake, which isolates a group of mollusks from the rest. This quick environmental change causes rapid evolutionary change. Due to the new small population, genetic drift occurs, and mollusks with larger shells rapidly become the most common trait. Identify the pattern of evolution shown by this scenario.

• gradualism
• divergent evolution
• punctuated equilibrium
• speciation

The Galapagos finches evolved through natural selection from a common ancestor into a wide variety of different looking species. Identify the pattern of evolution shown by this scenario?

• gradualism
• divergent evolution
• punctuated equilibrium
• speciation