8th SAGE Review 4 SY 23 24

SOURCE 1

“We are under restraints, but they are voluntarily assumed; and we are at liberty to withdraw from them. . . . The design for which we are collected, namely, [is] to get money, as much of it and as fast as we can; and it is because our toil is so unremitting, that the wages of factory girls are higher than those of females engaged in most other occupations. It is these wages which, in spite of toil, restraint, discomfort, and prejudice, have drawn so many worthy, virtuous, intelligent, and well-educated girls to Lowell, and other factories. . . . Still, the [benefits] of factory labor are now greater than those of many domestics, seamstresses, and school-teachers; and strange would it be, if in money-loving New England, one of the most lucrative female employments should be rejected because it is toilsome, or because some people are prejudiced against it.”

^{A Factory Girl, “Factory Girls,” Lowell Offering, 1840.}

 

SOURCE 2

“The operatives are well dressed, and we are told, well paid. They are said to be healthy, contented, and happy. This is the fair side of the picture; . . . there is [also] a dark side, moral as well as physical. Of the common operatives, few, if any, by their wages, acquire a competence. . . . The great mass wear out their health, spirits, and morals, without becoming one whit better off than when they commenced labor. The bills of mortality in these factory villages are not striking, we admit, for the poor girls when they can toil no longer go home to die. The average life, working life we mean, of the girls that come to Lowell . . . is only about three years. What becomes of them then? Few of them ever marry; fewer still ever return to their native places with reputations unimpaired. ‘She has worked in a Factory,’ is almost enough to [condemn] to infamy the most worthy and virtuous girl.”

Orestes Brownson, “The Laboring Classes: An Article from the Boston Quarterly Review,” 1840.

According to source 1, what effect did working in the mills have on women?

• easier work

• higher wages

• more respect

• increased freedom

SOURCE 1

“We are under restraints, but they are voluntarily assumed; and we are at liberty to withdraw from them. . . . The design for which we are collected, namely, [is] to get money, as much of it and as fast as we can; and it is because our toil is so unremitting, that the wages of factory girls are higher than those of females engaged in most other occupations. It is these wages which, in spite of toil, restraint, discomfort, and prejudice, have drawn so many worthy, virtuous, intelligent, and well-educated girls to Lowell, and other factories. . . . Still, the [benefits] of factory labor are now greater than those of many domestics, seamstresses, and school-teachers; and strange would it be, if in money-loving New England, one of the most lucrative female employments should be rejected because it is toilsome, or because some people are prejudiced against it.”

^{A Factory Girl, “Factory Girls,” Lowell Offering, 1840.}

 

SOURCE 2

“The operatives are well dressed, and we are told, well paid. They are said to be healthy, contented, and happy. This is the fair side of the picture; . . . there is [also] a dark side, moral as well as physical. Of the common operatives, few, if any, by their wages, acquire a competence. . . . The great mass wear out their health, spirits, and morals, without becoming one whit better off than when they commenced labor. The bills of mortality in these factory villages are not striking, we admit, for the poor girls when they can toil no longer go home to die. The average life, working life we mean, of the girls that come to Lowell . . . is only about three years. What becomes of them then? Few of them ever marry; fewer still ever return to their native places with reputations unimpaired. ‘She has worked in a Factory,’ is almost enough to [condemn] to infamy the most worthy and virtuous girl.”

Orestes Brownson, “The Laboring Classes: An Article from the Boston Quarterly Review,” 1840.

According to source 2, what effect did working in the mills have on women?

• lower wages

• more respect

• lower quality of life

• better working conditions

SOURCE 1

“We are under restraints, but they are voluntarily assumed; and we are at liberty to withdraw from them. . . . The design for which we are collected, namely, [is] to get money, as much of it and as fast as we can; and it is because our toil is so unremitting, that the wages of factory girls are higher than those of females engaged in most other occupations. It is these wages which, in spite of toil, restraint, discomfort, and prejudice, have drawn so many worthy, virtuous, intelligent, and well-educated girls to Lowell, and other factories. . . . Still, the [benefits] of factory labor are now greater than those of many domestics, seamstresses, and school-teachers; and strange would it be, if in money-loving New England, one of the most lucrative female employments should be rejected because it is toilsome, or because some people are prejudiced against it.”

^{A Factory Girl, “Factory Girls,” Lowell Offering, 1840.}

 

SOURCE 2

“The operatives are well dressed, and we are told, well paid. They are said to be healthy, contented, and happy. This is the fair side of the picture; . . . there is [also] a dark side, moral as well as physical. Of the common operatives, few, if any, by their wages, acquire a competence. . . . The great mass wear out their health, spirits, and morals, without becoming one whit better off than when they commenced labor. The bills of mortality in these factory villages are not striking, we admit, for the poor girls when they can toil no longer go home to die. The average life, working life we mean, of the girls that come to Lowell . . . is only about three years. What becomes of them then? Few of them ever marry; fewer still ever return to their native places with reputations unimpaired. ‘She has worked in a Factory,’ is almost enough to [condemn] to infamy the most worthy and virtuous girl.”

Orestes Brownson, “The Laboring Classes: An Article from the Boston Quarterly Review,” 1840.

Which statement about working in mills would most likely be supported by both authors?

• Working in the mills was very hard labor, but the pay was better than other jobs women typically had.

• The mills were too hard on women, and the stress on their bodies and minds was not worth the wages.

• The mills led to an increase in wages and employment for women, which helped them gain respect.

• Working in the mills resulted in better pay for women, but the prejudices against factory workers were not worth the money.

Which group of Americans would most likely support the opinion stated in this excerpt?

• members of the Cherokee Nation who wanted to preserve their land interests in the Southeast

• craftsmen who resented the standardization required by the new industrial society

• nativists who pushed for the removal of immigrants and their influence in America

• abolitionists who opposed slavery and its social implications in the South

Which statement best explains what the speaker was urging attendees to support when she spoke these words?

• She was asking for the abolition of slavery.

• She was advocating for the right to assemble freely.

• She was calling for an end to unfair government tariffs.

• She was seeking an equal voice in government for women.

In 1859, John Brown led a raid to seize weapons from the Federal government at Harper's Ferry.  

Which quote best describes the philosophy behind John Brown's raid at Harper Ferry in 1859?

• "As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy." [Abraham Lincoln, 1858]

• "[You should] rather die freemen than live to be slaves. . . . Let your motto be resistance! . . . No oppressed people have ever secured their liberty without resistance." [Henry Garnet, 1843]

• "I assert the right of the free states to demand a gradual abolition of slavery, because, by its continuance, they . . . are threatened with ultimate destruction." [William Lloyd Garrison, 1829]

• "The Negro slave is free, too, when the labors of the day are over . . . for the master provides . . . everything else necessary to the physical well-being of himself and family." [George Fitzhugh, 1857]

Use this editorial from an abolitionist newspaper in 1831 to answer the question.

"Assenting to the ‘self-evident truth' maintained in the American Declaration of Independence, ‘that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights—among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,' I shall strenuously contend for the immediate enfranchisement of our slave population. In Park-street Church, on the Fourth of July, 1829, in an address on slavery, I unreflectingly assented to the popular but pernicious doctrine of gradual abolition. I seize this opportunity to make a full and unequivocal recantation, and thus publicly to ask pardon of my God, of my country, and of my brethren the poor slaves, for having uttered a sentiment so full of timidity, injustice and absurdity."

What is the author's opinion on the abolition of slavery?

• The author is apologizing for his strong opinions on ending slavery.

• The author is withdrawing his previous support for ending slavery.

• The author believes that slavery should be ended immediately.

• The author thinks that slavery should end gradually.

Which quote from the Declaration of Sentiments best reflects the slogan "no taxation without representation?"

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these rights, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government. . . . Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes. . . . The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted: . . . He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. . . . He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. . . . He has monopolized nearly all the profi„table employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty [payment]. . . . He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her. . . . He has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confi„dence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.”

The Declaration of Sentiments, 1848.

Which quote from the Declaration of Sentiments best reflects the slogan "no taxation without representation?"

• "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns."

• "He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice."

• "He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her."

• .

  "He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty [payment]."

What common purpose was shared by writers of the Declaration of Sentiments and the Declaration of Independence?

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these rights, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government. . . . Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes. . . . The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted: . . . He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. . . . He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. . . . He has monopolized nearly all the profi„table employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty [payment]. . . . He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her. . . . He has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confi„dence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.”

^{The Declaration of Sentiments, 1848.}

What common purpose was shared by writers of the Declaration of Sentiments and the Declaration of Independence?

• They both fought for freedom from oppression.

• They both believed women were treated unequally.

• They both recognized the role of women in government.

• They both wanted equal rights regardless of race or gender.

Use the passage to answer the question.

Which conclusion about the lives of African Americans in the 1800s is best supported by this passage?=

“It is expected that all coloured men, women and children of every nation, language and tongue under heaven, will try to procure a copy of this Appeal and read it, or get someone to read it to them, for it is designed more particularly for them. . . . We, (coloured people of these United States,) are the most degraded, wretched, and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began. . . . I am fully aware, in making this appeal to my much afflicted and suffering brethren, that I shall not only be assailed by those whose greatest earthly desires are, to keep us in abject ignorance and wretchedness, and who are of the fi‚rm conviction that Heaven has designed us and our children to be slaves. . . . I say, I do not only expect to be held up to the public as an ignorant, impudent and restless disturber of the public peace, by such avaricious creatures, as well as a mover of insubordination—and perhaps put in prison or to death, for giving a super‚ficial exposition of our miseries, and exposing tyrants.”

David Walker, Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829.

Which conclusion about the lives of African Americans in the 1800s is best supported by this passage?=

• They often left the nation to find better living conditions

• They faced physical dangers to have their opinions heard.

• They frequently engaged in revolts because they wanted to end slavery.

• They were unable to share their ideas because they could not read or write.