Final Review

1. Which of the following provides the best description of the function of genes?

• Ridding individual cells of waste products

• Controlling the production of specific proteins

• Relaying information from the environment

• Producing energy through cellular respiration

2. A Punnett square showing a cross between two peas is shown. In pea plants, the green pea allele (G) is dominant over the yellow pea allele (g).  

A Punnett square showing a cross between two peas is shown. In pea plants, the green pea allele (G) is dominant over the yellow pea allele (g).  What can you conclude about the genotype of the offspring? 

• 50% of the offspring will be green peas with genotype Gg and the other 50% of the offspring will be yellow peas with genotype gg

• All of the offspring will be green peas. 50% of them will have genotype of (Gg) and the other 50% will have genotype (GG)

• All of the offspring will have different genotype

• All of the offspring will have the same genotype

Two brown-eyed parents can produce a child with blue eyes.

Which of the following best explains how this is possible?

• Blues eyes are an adaptation that can help the survival of humans

• Over many generations some characteristics become more frequent

• Both parents might have a heterozygous genotype of brown eyes

• Both parents might have a homozygous genotype of brown eyes

A genetic mutation will most immediately affect which of the following?

• The structure of one or more proteins produced by the organism

• The overall health of the individual throughout its lifespan

• The number of chromosome within each cell of the body

• The ability of the organism to survive in its environment

5. Which of the following observations would support the claim that a particular mutation is neutral?

• The frequency of the mutation in a population, once it first appears, tends to increase over time.

• The frequency of the mutation goes up and down with no observable effect on the health of population.

• In a given population, individuals that posses this mutation have a greater rate of reproduction.

• The mutation is higher in the population of organisms that produce fewer offspring and have shorter life spans

In a given population of plants there is variation in the time of day when flowers open. Those individual plants with flowers that open at night would be more likely to pass on this trait in an environment dominated by what? 

• Moist soil

• Grazing animals

• Nocturnal pollinators

• Solar radiation

A population of a certain kind of fish is introduced into a new habitat. These fish have variations in color from light to dark. Because of the lighting conditions and predators in this new habitat, light-colored fish.

A population of a certain kind of fish is introduced into a new habitat. These fish have variations in color from light to dark. Because of the lighting conditions and predators in this new habitat, light-colored fish.

What change would likely result after many generations of these fish living in this environment? 

• All the fish would become more similar, something exactly between light-colored and dark-colored.

• None of the fish would be able to survive, because the new habitat is not suited to any of them.

• There would be two populations of fish, light-colored near the surface and dark-colored near the bottom.

• The fish would become smaller over time so that they could more easily defend themselves from predators.

Which of the following accurately explains the difference between selective breeding and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

• Selective breeding involves selecting genes from an organisms DNA and putting it in a new organism, while GMOs involve picking which organisms will breed with each other.

• In a GMO, you are not guaranteed to get the trait you want since genes from a mother and father are combined.

• GMOs involve scientist selecting exactly which traits an organism has while selective breeding involves taking organisms with favorable traits and having them mate with each other.

• GMOs and selectively breed organisms are the same thing.

9. The table displays data about the presence of certain traits in a population of chickens over several generations. The data provides evidence that best supports the claim that these chickens are being bred for which characteristic? 

• Fewer white feathers

• Larger bodies

• Shorter beaks

• More tail feathers

Students are observing the actions of a male Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis).  Which of the behaviors is most important in increases its chances of reproduction?

• Extending his neck so that females can see him.

• Hopped along a tree branch

• Jumping from a tree to the ground

• Fleeing when a bird appeared