Module 2 Vocabulary: Research Strategies

What is hindsight bias?

• The belief that one could have predicted an event after it has already happened.

• The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge.

• The inclination to perceive relationships where none exist.

• The impact of participants' expectations on their behavior.

Who are peer reviewers?

• Colleagues who provide feedback on research before publication.

• Participants in a research study.

• Professional editors of scientific journals.

• Experts who oversee the ethical aspects of research.

What is a theory?

• A specific, testable prediction.

• An organized set of principles that explains and predicts phenomena.

• A detailed, systematic study of a single individual or group.

• A method of data collection used in natural settings.

What is a hypothesis?

• A broad explanation for a wide range of phenomena.

• A detailed description of the procedures used in a research study.

• A testable prediction derived from a theory.

• A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables.

What is an operational definition?

• A concise summary of the findings of a study.

• A clear, precise definition of how variables will be measured.

• A detailed account of a single individual’s behavior.

• A method for analyzing the consistency of data.

What is replication?

• The process of verifying findings by repeating studies.

• The analysis of existing data to develop new hypotheses.

• The description of a phenomenon based on systematic observation.

• The random selection of participants for a study.

What is preregistration?

• The publication of study results before peer review.

• The declaration of study methods and hypotheses before data collection.

• The replication of a study’s findings.

• The random assignment of participants to control and experimental groups.

What is a meta-analysis?

• The statistical analysis of the results from multiple studies.

• The study of one individual in great depth.

• The systematic observation of behavior in natural environments.

• The random selection of participants for research studies.

What is a case study?

• An in-depth study of one individual or group.

• The observation of behavior in its natural context.

• The measurement of two variables to determine their relationship.

• A method of gathering self-reported attitudes or behaviors.

What is naturalistic observation?

• A method of gathering self-reported data.

• Observing behavior in its natural setting without interference.

• An in-depth analysis of a single subject.

• A controlled experiment to test a hypothesis.