Penguin walking or… what?

What is the reason behind penguins using twice as much metabolic energy as other terrestrial animals of similar mass to walk a given distance?

• Side-to-side waddling requiring excessive work

• Large fluctuations in lateral kinetic energy

• Short legs requiring rapid generation of muscular force

• Poor exchange of mechanical energy

What percentage of the total kinetic-energy fluctuations in penguins is accounted for by fluctuations in lateral kinetic energy?

• 30%

• 20%

• 40%

• 10%

What is the recovery percentage of mechanical energy during each stride for penguins?

• 80%

• 60%

• 50%

• 70%

What is the metabolic cost of transport for emperor penguins at a speed of about 0.5 m/s?

• 4.23 J kg^-1 m^-1

• 10.0 J kg^-1 m^-1

• 8.38 J kg^-1 m^-1

• 8.64 J kg^-1 m^-1

Which animal is the exclusive disperser of the sticky seeds of the mistletoe Tristerix corymbosus?

• Rats

• Birds

• Insects

• Marsupials

What is the colour of mature fruits of Tristerix corymbosus?

• Blue

• Yellow

• Green

• Red

Which animal was more abundant in the trees supporting mistletoe plants based on automatic camera photographs?

• Rats

• Bats

• Marsupials

• Squirrels

What percentage of seeds defecated by Dromiciops australis fall to the ground?

• 15%

• 10%

• 5%

• 20%

What is the estimated percentage of seeds collected from marsupial faeces that germinated and developed a holdfast?

• 70%

• 100%

• 80%

• 90%

What is the only living representative of the family Microbiotheriidae?

• Canis lupus

• Felis catus

• Rattus norvegicus

• Dromiciops australis