Argument Analysis Quiz

Which of the following statements best describes a valid argument?

• An argument where the premises are true and the conclusion is false.

• An argument where the premises are true and the conclusion is true.

• An argument where if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

• An argument where the premises are false and the conclusion is true.

Answer explanation

An argument where if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Identify the type of reasoning used in the following argument: "All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal."

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Abductive reasoning

• Analogical reasoning

Answer explanation

The correct type of reasoning used in the argument is Deductive reasoning because it draws a specific conclusion based on general premises.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

• Benjamin observed that all the swans he has seen are white; therefore, he concludes that all swans are white.

• If it rains, the ground gets wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

• All bachelors are unmarried men. John is a bachelor. Therefore, John is unmarried.

• If a figure is a square, then it has four sides. This figure is a square. Therefore, it has four sides.

Answer explanation

Benjamin observed that all the swans he has seen are white; therefore, he concludes that all swans are white.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Evaluate the validity of the following argument: "If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining."

• Valid

• Invalid

• Sound

• Unsound

Answer explanation

The argument is invalid because even though the ground is wet, it does not necessarily mean that it is raining. Other factors could have caused the ground to be wet.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following best describes a premise in an argument?

• The statement that is being argued for.

• The evidence or reasons given to support the conclusion.

• The logical structure of the argument.

• The emotional appeal used to persuade the audience.

Answer explanation

The evidence or reasons given to support the conclusion.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Determine whether the following argument is deductive or inductive: "Most birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly."

• Deductive

• Inductive

• Abductive

• Analogical

Answer explanation

The argument is inductive because it draws a general conclusion about penguins based on specific instances of birds, which may not always be true.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following is a characteristic of a sound argument?

• The argument is valid and all its premises are true.

• The argument is invalid but has true premises.

• The argument has a true conclusion regardless of the premises.

• The argument is valid but has at least one false premise.

Answer explanation

The characteristic of a sound argument is that it is valid and all its premises are true, which is the correct choice provided.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Analyze the following argument and identify the conclusion: "All mammals have lungs. Whales are mammals. Therefore, whales have lungs."

• All mammals have lungs.

• Whales are mammals.

• Therefore, whales have lungs.

• Whales live in the ocean.

Answer explanation

The correct conclusion is 'Therefore, whales have lungs.' as it logically follows from the premises that all mammals have lungs and whales are mammals.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following statements is an example of a premise?

• Therefore, the sky is blue.

• If it rains, the ground will be wet.

• The ground is wet because it rained.

• All dogs are mammals.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'All dogs are mammals' because it presents a statement that serves as a premise for an argument or conclusion.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Identify the type of reasoning used in the following argument: "The sun has risen in the east every day in recorded history. Therefore, the sun will rise in the east tomorrow."

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• Abductive reasoning

• Analogical reasoning

Answer explanation

The argument is based on past observations to predict a future event, making it an example of inductive reasoning.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept