Filosofía de la ciencia

1. What is the main argument the author presents regarding the objectivity of science?

• A) Objectivity in science is solely the result of applying nonarbitrary and impartial criteria.

• B) The objectivity of science is secured by the social character of inquiry.

• C) Scientific objectivity stems from distancing human values from nature completely.

• D) The modern view of objectivity relies only on scientific realism and empirical data.

2. What do scientists typically mean when they refer to the “objectivity of data”?

• A) That data should always align with theoretical expectations.

• B) That data has been obtained properly and justifies reliance on it.

• C) That data is always free from human interpretation or bias.

• D) That data must come from instruments built in the 21st century.

3. Why does the author argue that the objectivity of data must be qualified?

• A) Because instruments often malfunction in controlled environments.

• B) Because data covariance doesn’t guarantee an unmediated view of reality.

• C) Because data obtained by scientists is always flawed.

• D) Because objectivity is only relevant to historical analysis.

4. What issue does the author highlight in the debate over the nature of science?

• A) That scientific practice should reject historical context.

• B) That science must always be guided by strict logical rules.

• C) That participants often talk past one another without addressing shared concerns.

• D) That science cannot be studied through either logical or historical methods.

5. What does the author propose as the aim of their analysis?

• A) To offer a complete and final theory of scientific knowledge.

• B) To provide a framework that allows epistemologists and historians to reveal the standards and contexts shaping science.

• C) To replace empirical methods with purely normative ones.

• D) To prove the superiority of logical positivism over historical critique.

6. According to the author, what secures the objectivity of science?

• A) Its focus on empirical experimentation alone.

• B) The social character of inquiry.

• C) The use of advanced technological instruments.

• D) The logical consistency of scientific theories.

7. What does one sense of objectivity in science involve, according to the text?

• A) The detachment of human needs from the scientific process.

• B) The belief that science provides an accurate description of the natural world.

• C) The dismissal of subjective reasoning.

• D) The reliance solely on mathematics and logic.

8. What assumption is involved in the scientific claim of “objectivity of data”?

• A) That data always confirms the theory.

• B) That instruments are infallible.

• C) That data is obtained properly and justifies reliance.

• D) That subjective values are eliminated entirely.

9. Why does the author say that the objectivity of data must be qualified?

• A) Because data cannot be trusted unless repeated by others.

• B) Because measurement always leads to contradictions.

• C) Because data covariance doesn’t imply direct access to reality.

• D) Because scientists often manipulate data unconsciously.

10. What issue does the author identify in debates over science's nature?

• A) The lack of funding for historical research.

• B) The overreliance on empirical methods in philosophy.

• C) The polarization between logically and historically unsatisfactory approaches.

• D) The dominance of subjective opinion in scientific discourse.