Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

These are tiny blood vessels where the cells and the blood exchange nutrients, oxygen and waste.

• capillaries

• arteries

• veins

What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?

• Endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue
• Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
• Tunica interior, tunica medialis, and tunica exterior
• Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

What are some differences between arteries and veins?

• Veins carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Veins have thicker walls and higher blood pressure compared to arteries.
• Veins typically have a pulse, while arteries do not.
• Arteries have thicker walls and higher blood pressure compared to veins.

What is systolic pressure?

• Systolic pressure is the lowest level of pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood out.
• Systolic pressure is the pressure in the veins when the heart is at rest.
• Systolic pressure is the pressure in the lungs during inhalation.
• Systolic pressure is the highest level of pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood out.

What is pulse pressure?

• The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.
• The amount of oxygen in the blood.
• The rate at which the heart beats per minute.
• The average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.

What is diastolic pressure?

• The diastolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
• Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the capillaries during exercise.
• Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the lungs during inhalation.
• The diastolic pressure is the pressure in the veins when the heart beats.

How many cell layers do capillaries have? What does this allow them to do?

• Three cell layers; allows for rapid diffusion
• No cell layers; prevents substance exchange
• Five cell layers; allows for efficient gas exchange
• One cell layer; allows for efficient exchange of substances

Which is NOT one of the 3 ways that veins maintain blood flow?

• Muscular pumping- as muscles contract, blood is squeezed through the veins

• Respiratory pumping- the expansion of the chest during inhalation causes blood in the veins to move

• Lymphatic vessels- cleared bloodstreams allow for constant blood flow

• Valves- larger veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood

What is a shunt (part of capillaries)?

• A type of muscle found in capillaries.
• A long vessel connecting arteriole and venule directly.
• A shortcut from the artery to the vein

• A type of nerve ending in capillaries.

After dropping off O2 and picking up CO2, the capillaries collect blood into larger _____

• venules

• veins

• arterioles

• bronchioles