Which of the following best describes a chemical synapse?

• A chemical signal, such as a neurotransmitter, is released from one cell and affects another cell.

• There is a direct connection between two cells allowing ions to pass directly.

• Cells communicate only through electrical impulses.

• Cells communicate only through hormones in the bloodstream.

What role do voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play in neurotransmitter release?

• They allow Ca2+ ions to enter the synaptic end bulb, facilitating vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release.

• They block neurotransmitter release by closing the synaptic cleft.

• They transport neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.

• They degrade neurotransmitters after release.

Why is the interaction between a neurotransmitter and its receptor compared to a key and lock?

• Because each neurotransmitter fits specifically with its receptor.

• Because neurotransmitters can open any receptor.

• Because receptors are interchangeable for all neurotransmitters.

• Because neurotransmitters are physically locked inside vesicles.

Explain the difference between electrical and chemical synapses in terms of how signals are transmitted between cells.

• Electrical synapses transmit signals through direct ion flow between cells, while chemical synapses use neurotransmitters to transmit signals.

• Both types use neurotransmitters to transmit signals.

• Chemical synapses transmit signals through direct ion flow, while electrical synapses use neurotransmitters.

• Both types use only electrical impulses.

What are the two types of receptors in the cholinergic system?

• Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

• Glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors

• Dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors

• Glycinergic and adrenergic receptors

What is the main difference between amino acid neurotransmitters and biogenic amine neurotransmitters?

• Biogenic amines are made from amino acids but lack carboxyl groups

• Amino acid neurotransmitters are only found in the brain

• Biogenic amines have both amino and carboxyl groups

• Amino acid neurotransmitters are not eliminated from the synapse

Which neurotransmitter is made from tryptophan and is the basis of its own system?

• Serotonin

• Dopamine

• Glutamate

• Acetylcholine

Which neurotransmitter system does dopamine belong to?

• Dopaminergic system

• Cholinergic system

• Glutamatergic system

• GABAergic system

Which neurotransmitters belong to the adrenergic neurotransmitter system and bind to alpha and beta receptors?

• Dopamine and serotonin

• Norepinephrine and epinephrine

• Glutamate and GABA

• Acetylcholine and glycine

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell?

• It is always excitatory

• It is always inhibitory

• It depends entirely on the receptor protein present on the postsynaptic cell

• It is determined by the amount of neurotransmitter released