Chap 7 Motivation

Some of your friends like to cram all night before exams; however, you are not able to keep your focus on the material for that length of time. Your study habits can be attributed to which element(s) of motivation?

• intensity

• direction

• persistence

• both intensity and persistence

• both direction and persistence

Which of the following statements is true regarding Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

• Social needs relate to autonomy and achievement.

• As each need becomes substantially satisfied, the next one becomes dominant.

• Esteem needs relate to affection and friendship.

• Social needs are lower-order needs.

• Lower-order needs are satisfied internally.

Which of the following statements is true according to the two-factor theory?

• The hygiene factors tend to be intrinsic factors.

• Factors that lead to job satisfaction are extrinsic factors.

• Adequate hygiene factors ensure that people are not dissatisfied.

• Recognition is a hygiene factor.

• Hygiene factors lead to job satisfaction.

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation. They work in an old, run-down building with an antiquated heating system. The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available and only shows up to give reprimands for production shortfalls. Nobody has received a promotion in two years. The work is boring, repetitious, and unrewarding. You are trying to improve this situation with the help of Herzberg's two-factor theory. You decide that your first job should be to improve the hygiene factors. Which of the following would you consider a hygiene factor?

• working conditions

• training related to new skills

• recognition

• employee empowerment

• promotion

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?

• achievement, growth, and security

• achievement, power, and affiliation

• self-actualization, stability, and affiliation

• affiliation, control, and security

• control, status, and affiliation

Jasmine wants to become head of her department. Although she will be greatly compensated if she achieves this aim and will gain control over many subordinates, the main reason she is pursuing this position is that she thinks she can do the job better than anyone else and wants people to know this. According to McClelland's theory of needs, which of the following needs primarily drives Jasmine in this case?

• the need for stability

• the need for achievement

• the need for growth

• the need for affiliation

• the need for power

Loni has worked at a local dry cleaner for the past two years as a cashier. When the store was not busy with customers, Loni enjoyed helping Donatella, the seamstress, with various tasks such as sewing on buttons and fixing minor holes. Recently, Loni's job description was changed to include working with Donatella in the Alterations area 10 hours a week. Since then, Loni's enjoyment of working with Donatella has decreased. This decline can be explained by ________.

• self-determination theory

• goal-setting theory

• Theory X and Theory Y

• hierarchy of needs

• expectancy theory

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that your organization has hired a recent college graduate with no experience at a higher salary than you are now making. You consider this an unfair act and resolve to do something about it. Which of the following theories best describes such a situation?

• equity theory

• two-factor theory

• goal-setting theory

• theory of needs

• self-determination theory

Jill is an excellent technical writer. She has never missed a deadline and all her projects are of superior quality. She now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that she can spend more time with her family. She feels that she has proven her reliability. However, her boss is unable to comply with her request and gives her a substantial raise instead. Jill's disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

• performance-reward

• effort-performance

• rewards-personal goals

• effort-satisfaction

• performance-achievement

Jessica does not believe that the methods and processes for determining salary increases in her company are fair. As per this example, Jessica believes that there is a problem with the firm's ________ justice.

• interpersonal

• distributive

• associative

• procedural

• outcome