4.1 and 4.2 Industrial Revolution Begins

How did enclosures contribute to the development of the Industrial Revolution?

• They enabled farmers to rotate crops.

• They were used to pen animals for domestication.

• They helped reclaim land from the sea.

• They consolidated fields to gain larger pastures.

What was one of Britain’s primary contributions to industrialism?

• Britain developed new farming practices that led to the second Agricultural Revolution.

• British inventors developed new machines for the textile industry that led to the factory system.

• The British government freely exported new technology, allowing industrialization to spread.

• British entrepreneurs invested in manufacturing and transportation all over Europe.

What was one way that James Watt’s steam technology contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

• Steam engines powered the flying shuttle, helping weavers make cloth faster.

• The water frame used steam to improve the speed of spinning thread.

• Steam engines improved the shipping of goods and raw materials.

• Steam engines helped miners gather more coal to help power factory machines.

Why were the first factories more efficient than the earlier putting-out system?

• They did not require an outside source of power.

• They allowed laborers to build a product from start to finish.

• They brought workers and machines together in one place.

• They could be built in any location.

Industrialization spread because

• Britain shared the new technology in order to gain new trading partners.

• other nations wanted to have the same economic opportunities that Britain enjoyed.

• Parliament relaxed Britain’s monopoly on industrial technology.

• Britain had to trade its technology for labor and natural resources.

Which of the following best describes the new middle class that emerged as a result of industrialization?

• It was made up largely of industrial workers and miners.

• It was made up largely of wealthy rural landowners.

• Many of its members owned and operated the businesses that hired urban workers.

• Many of its members lived in overcrowded conditions in industrial cities.

Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?

• Child labor did not exist before the Industrial Revolution.

• Mines and text factories employed large numbers of children.

• Laws kept children from working in dangerous mines and factories.

• Most child laborers spent part of each day in school.

What was one long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution?

• Factory work allowed women to earn as much money as men.

• Over time, poverty was eliminated in industrialized nations.

• Governments took greater control over the economy.

• In industrial countries, the overall standard of living improved.

Adam Smith defined the free market as an economic system in which

• the market functions with little or no government interference.

• the government regulates prices to benefit all.

• workers control the means of production.

• entrepreneurs cooperate to set wages and prices.

Socialism is based on the belief that