The Middle East

What changed in Turkey as a direct result of Atatürk’s efforts?

• Turkey adopted a more modern Western orientation

• Turkey’s government was dominated by Islamic clerics.

• Secularism in Turkey was universally accepted.

• Communist forces seized power in Turkey.

During which historical period did Atatürk make these remarks?

• between the World Wars

• during the Persian Gulf War

• at the time of Israel’s creation

• at the beginning of the Iranian Revolution

The overall change desired by Atatürk is similar to the change enacted in

• South Africa during the period of apartheid

• the Soviet Union during the period of détente

• Japan under the Meiji

• India under nonalignment

Based on these passages, what is a primary similarity between the Mughal and Ottoman Empires?

• Social conflict did not exist in either empire.

• Each empire experienced a period of success

• Each empire lasted less than a century.

• Hinduism had little influence in the development of either empire.

Which statement best explains a reason the Mughal Empire declined and a reason the Ottoman Empire declined?

• Mughal leaders were ineffective; Ottoman society was too interconnected.

• Mughal society was too secular; policies of Ottoman sultans were inconsistent.

• Religious diversity in the Mughal Empire was lacking; the Ottoman Empire never worked efficiently.

• Mughal society paid little attention to the government; Ottoman social groups were too isolated.

Based on this passage, what conclusion can be made regarding the tensions between tradition and modernity in Iran?

• Before the revolution, the Pahlavis encouraged people to stay within traditional Islamic norms.

• The new theocratic government encouraged modernity and the expansion of rights.

• Ayatollah Khomeini’s revolutionaries favored a more traditional patriarchal society.

• After the revolution, movement toward modernity was hindered by limitations placed on males in Iranian society.

Based on this passage, how did the 1979 Iranian Revolution affect the lives of women?

• The legal age for marriage was raised to the age of 18.

• Women were first granted the right to run for parliament and help create laws.

• The Family Protection Law allowed women to petition for divorce.

• Women’s legal rights became more limited with the dismantling of Family Courts.

Based on this cartoon, which concept infl uenced Kemal Atatürk’s development of New Turkey?

• laissez-faire

• modernization

• communism

• zionism

Which event led to Kemal Atatürk’s development of New Turkey?

• fall of the Ottoman Empire

• rise of the Soviet Union

• unification of Germany

• creation of a Jewish homeland

Based on this passage, which statement best describes the significance of the government regulations involving both the veiling and unveiling of women?

• Modernization created power shifts that led to conflict.

• Women’s rights were consistently protected by Iranian leaders.

• Clerics supported the changes in their respective time periods.

• Emigration to culturally compatible countries was prohibited.