World History: Unit 1 Review

How was the Scientific Revolution connected to the Enlightenment?

• It led to the development of new religious doctrines.

• It promoted the use of reason and scientific method.

• It resulted in the decline of European monarchies.

• It caused the Industrial Revolution.

Explain the contributions of Kepler and Copernicus to our understanding of the solar system.

• They discovered the laws of gravity.

• They proposed the heliocentric model.

• They invented the telescope.

• They mapped the entire Milky Way.

Who was placed under house arrest after his ideas conflicted with the Catholic Church?

• Isaac Newton

• Galileo Galilei

• Johannes Kepler

• Nicolaus Copernicus

Compare the views of Descartes and Bacon on the acquisition of knowledge.

• Both believed in the importance of divine revelation.

• Descartes emphasized deductive reasoning, while Bacon emphasized inductive reasoning.

• Both rejected the scientific method.

• Descartes focused on empirical evidence, while Bacon focused on rationalism.

What were some obstacles faced by women in participating in the sciences during the 17th and 18th centuries?

• Lack of interest in science

• Social and institutional barriers

• Insufficient funding for research

• Lack of scientific knowledge

Define the rule of law in modern society.

• The principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law

• The idea that the government can act above the law

• The concept that laws are only applicable to the lower classes

• The belief that laws should be based on religious texts

What were the main ideas of the Enlightenment that influenced the Declaration of Independence and Constitution?

• Divine right of kings and absolute monarchy

• Social contract and natural rights

• Feudalism and serfdom

• Theocracy and religious rule

Why did Thomas Hobbes favor absolute monarchy as a form of government?

• He believed it was the most efficient form of government.

• He thought it was the best way to ensure peace and security.

• He wanted to limit the power of the church.

• He believed it was the only way to achieve economic prosperity.

List three beliefs promoted by the Enlightenment.

• Superstition, divine right of kings, and feudalism

• Reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority

• Absolute monarchy, religious dogma, and tradition

• Militarism, nationalism, and imperialism

What was the purpose of the three branches of government?

• To ensure that the government could act quickly and decisively

• To prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful

• To create a system of checks and balances

• To divide the government into separate regions