MCQ in water and electrolyte balance

The principal cation in extracellular fluid

• sodium

• potassium

• calcium

• magnesium

A decrease in serum sodium may occur in

• Adrenocotical insufficiency

• Hypoparathyroidism

• Hyperparathyroidism

• Thyrotoxicosis

The metabolism of sodium is regulated by the hormone

• insulin

• Aldosterone

• PTH

• Somatostatin

The normal pH of the blood is

• 7.1

• 7.2

• 7.0

• 7.4

The normal concentration of potassium in human plasma in meq/I is about

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 5

Diabetes insipidus results from

• Decreased insulin secretion

• Decreased ADH secretion

• Decreased aldosterone secretion

• Unresponsiveness of osmoreceptors

Buffering action of haemoglobin is mainly due to

• Glutamine residues

• Arginine residues

• Histidine residues

• Lysine residue

At pH 7.4, the ratio of bicarbonate:dissolved CO2 is

• 1:1

• 10:1

• 20:1

• 40:1

Cobalt is a constituent of

• Folic acid

• vitamin B12

• Niacin

• biotin

Normal anion gap in plasma is about

• 5meq/l

• 15meq/l

• 25meq/l

• 40meq/l