[MA0119] Topics 1 - 3 revision

Which of the following is a typical refining process for fuel oil?

• Crystallization
• Fermentation
• Distillation
• Oxidation

Crude oils can be classified based on their geographical origin.

• True

• False

IMO regulations for marine fuels include limits on Sulphur Oxide emissions.

• True

• False

What are the primary components of crude oil?

• • A) Hydrogen and nitrogen

• • B) Hydrogen and carbon

• • C) Oxygen and carbon

• • D) Carbon and nitrogen

Marine fuel quality standards often specify limits on _______ (7 letters) content to reduce air pollution from ships.

Which entity in the bunker market typically has its own physical infrastructure for fuel storage and distribution?

• • A) Oil majors

• • B) Independent suppliers

• • C) Bunker brokers

• • D) Ship agents

Bunker brokers primarily facilitate transactions between suppliers and buyers without taking ownership of the fuel.

• True

• False

Match the following roles with their descriptions:

• Bunker brokers

• Provide fuel from their own refineries or storage facilities.

• Ship agents

• Facilitate transactions between buyers and suppliers.

• Oil majors

• Offer competitive pricing and flexibility in bunker fuel sourcing.

• Independent suppliers

• Provide logistical support to ships in ports.

Bunker traders and brokers are prominent in the bunker market primarily because:

• • A) They provide legal advice to shipping companies.

• • B) They ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

• • C) They offer market expertise and negotiate competitive prices.

• • D) They oversee port operations for fuel delivery.

Rank the following factors based on their influence on bunker prices in Singapore, from most influential to least influential.

• • Seasonal demand fluctuations

• • Local port congestion

• • Global oil prices