[MA0119] Topics 1 - 3 revision

Which of the following is a typical refining process for fuel oil?

• Crystallization
• Fermentation
• Distillation
• Oxidation

Crude oils can be classified based on their geographical origin.

• True

• False

IMO regulations for marine fuels include limits on Sulphur Oxide emissions.

• True

• False

What are the primary components of crude oil?

• • A) Hydrogen and nitrogen

• • B) Hydrogen and carbon

• • C) Oxygen and carbon

• • D) Carbon and nitrogen

Marine fuel quality standards often specify limits on (a)   (7 letters) content to reduce air pollution from ships.

Which entity in the bunker market typically has its own physical infrastructure for fuel storage and distribution?

• • A) Oil majors

• • B) Independent suppliers

• • C) Bunker brokers

• • D) Ship agents

Bunker brokers primarily facilitate transactions between suppliers and buyers without taking ownership of the fuel.

• True

• False

Match the following roles with their descriptions:

• Independent suppliers

• Provide fuel from their own refineries or storage facilities.

• Ship agents

• Offer competitive pricing and flexibility in bunker fuel sourcing.

• Bunker brokers

• Provide logistical support to ships in ports.

• Oil majors

• Facilitate transactions between buyers and suppliers.

Bunker traders and brokers are prominent in the bunker market primarily because:

• • A) They provide legal advice to shipping companies.

• • B) They ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

• • C) They offer market expertise and negotiate competitive prices.

• • D) They oversee port operations for fuel delivery.

Rank the following factors based on their influence on bunker prices in Singapore, from most influential to least influential.

• • Global oil prices

• • Local port congestion

• • Seasonal demand fluctuations