Islam

The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the

• hajj.

• hijra.

• sharia.

• jizya.

The term Islam means

• "Allah is great."

• "devotion to the rule of life."

• "submission."

• "the one god."

In 595, Muhammad married a wealthy widow named

• Zaynab

• Khadija.

• Fatima.

• Lubna.

The Quran

• is the holy book of Islam.

• were the priests who watched over the Ka'ba.

• is the law code of Islam.

• were Islamic scholarly bureaucrats.

The Islamic holy law is known as the

• umma.

• sharia.

• qadis.

• hijra.

No religious leader could succeed Muhammad as prophet, so political authority rested in the position of the

• sultan.

• ulama.

• caliph.

• qadi.

After the death of Muhammad, political leadership fell to a caliph by the name of

• Abu Bakr.

• Ali.

• Abu al-Abbas.

• Harun al-Rashid.

The Shia believe that

• the Umayyad dynasty were the only legitimate rulers.

• the caliphate should follow the line of Muhammad.

• leadership in the Islamic world could fall to any true believer.

• a different and more pure version of the Quran exists.

After the assassination of Ali, power fell to the

• Umayyad dynasty.

• Saljuq Turks.

• Abbasid dynasty.

• Byzantine empire.

The victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty

• forced the conquered peoples to convert to Islam.

• allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions if they paid a tax.

• opened up positions of authority to non-Muslims.

• forced everyone to convert from Sunni to Shia.