Acid-Base Balance Quiz

What is the hallmark of hypoxia?

• Lactic acid in plasma

• Ketoacids in diabetes

• Sulfur-containing amino acids

• Phosphorus-containing compounds

What is the net production of nonvolatile acids per day?

• 40 mmol

• 50 mmol

• 30 mmol

• 20 mmol

What is the normal range of blood pH?

• 7.35–7.45

• 7.5–8.0

• 7.0–7.5

• 6.0–7.0

What is the main buffer system that neutralizes hydrogen ions released from cells?

• Hemoglobin

• Proteins

• Phosphates

• Bicarbonate buffer

What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis?

• Lactic acid accumulation

• Sulfur-containing amino acids

• Phosphorus-containing compounds

• Ketoacids accumulation

What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

• Renal failure

• Diabetic ketoacidosis

• Chronic obstructive airway disease

• Hyperventilation

What is the main component of surfactant in the pulmonary alveoli?

• Bicarbonate

• Hemoglobin

• Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine

• Carbonic acid

What is the primary loss of bicarbonate that can cause metabolic acidosis?

• Extreme exercise

• Renal failure

• Postoperative surgical drainage

• Severe diarrhea

What is the mechanism by which the lungs control the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen?

• Hemoglobin buffer

• Bicarbonate buffer

• Surfactant in the alveoli

• Respiratory center in the brainstem

What is the compensatory mechanism triggered to bring hydrogen ion concentration back toward normal in acid-base disorders?

• Normalization of the bicarbonate/pCO2 ratio

• Increase in pCO2

• Decrease in plasma bicarbonate

• Respiratory acidosis