Acid-Base Balance Quiz

What is the hallmark of hypoxia?

• Lactic acid in plasma

• Phosphorus-containing compounds

• Ketoacids in diabetes

• Sulfur-containing amino acids

What is the net production of nonvolatile acids per 24 hours?

• 50 mmol

• 100 mmol

• 75 mmol

• 25 mmol

What is the normal range of blood pH?

• 7.50–7.60

• 7.00–7.10

• 7.35–7.45

• 7.20–7.30

What is the main buffer system that neutralizes hydrogen ions released from cells?

• Proteins

• Bicarbonate buffer

• Hemoglobin

• Phosphates

What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis?

• Impaired reabsorption of bicarbonate

• Decrease in bicarbonate

• Excessive production of lactic acid

• Accumulation of ketoacids

What is the compensatory mechanism triggered in response to respiratory acidosis?

• Increased bicarbonate generation in the kidney

• Increased ventilation rate

• Decreased pCO2

• Increased plasma bicarbonate concentration

What is the primary cause of severe metabolic alkalosis?

• Hyperventilation

• Intravenous administration of bicarbonate

• Loss of hydrogen ions from the stomach during vomiting

• Low serum potassium concentration

What is the ratio of ventilation to perfusion (Va/Q) under normal circumstances?

• 0.8

• 1.0

• 0.5

• 1.5

What is the main buffer system within cells that neutralizes hydrogen ions?

• Carbonic acid

• Bicarbonate buffer

• Hemoglobin

• Proteins and phosphates

What is the term for the presence of oxygen-poor blood in the arterial circulation?

• Shunt condition

• Hypocapnia

• Physiologic dead space

• Hypoxia