Understanding Acquired Heart Conditions

Rheumatic fever often follows infection with which type of bacteria, primarily affecting late school-age children and adolescents?

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)

• Neisseria meningitidis

Which diagnostic criteria are commonly used to assess rheumatic fever, focusing on major and minor manifestations alongside streptococcal antibody tests?

• Modified Koch's criteria

• Jones criteria

• Virchow's triad

• Osler's criteria

Treatment of RHF aims include eradicating streptococci, preventing cardiac damage, and managing symptoms with medications such as ________________ for infection control, ________________ for symptomatic relief, and ________________ for severe carditis.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily characterized by:

• Blockage of blood flow in the arteries supplying the brain

• Excessive dilation of the coronary arteries

• Inflammation of the arteries in the arms and legs

• Narrowing of artery cavities due to plaque buildup

Infective endocarditis primarily affects which part of the heart and is often associated with heart anomalies or prosthetic valves?

• Myocardium

• Pericardium

• Endocardium

• Epicardium

Which diagnostic method is crucial for visualizing vegetations on the endocardium in infective endocarditis?

• Electrocardiography (ECG)

• Echocardiography

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Computed tomography (CT) scan

Coronary heart disease refers to symptoms resulting from advanced coronary artery disease, also known as ________________ due to reduced blood flow causing myocardial ischemia. The relationship between coronary atherosclerosis, clinical symptoms, and coronary heart disease is not straightforward.

Which disease progresses through acute, subacute, and convalescent stages and primarily affects young children, with a significant risk of coronary artery complications?

• Kawasaki disease

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Celiac disease

• Dengue fever